HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

HRM - Essay Example Though there is not universal solution to the problem of cultural differences in ethical concepts, it is recommended that certain elements of both ethical absolutism and ethical relativism approaches, as well as the principle of considering the context of each particular situation should be the basis of the code of ethics and of IHRM decision-making processes. Introduction The HR system of any organization has to perform a complex set of interrelated and interdependent tasks that ensure effective functioning of the organization. Among the roles of HR departments are, according to Mote (2011), â€Å"planning, implementing, and managing recruitment, as well as selection, training, career and organizational development initiatives within an organization.† Furthermore, HR management involves aligning the goals and needs of an employer with those of the employees so that the parties cooperate with the same objectives and goals in mind. These tasks become even more complicated in re lation to international HRM, since in this case the organization has to also take into consideration peculiarities of working in multiple locations and in different cultures. On this matter John R. Deckop and John Raymond Deckop outline that these days human resource management and development are becoming â€Å"an integral part of national initiatives to develop competitive workforces† (Deckop and Deckop 2006, 91) in the countries the company operates in. Furthermore, HRM also involves dealing with ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to identify and analyze some of the major IHRM challenges an MNC may face operating worldwide. In particular, such issues as core human values, local cultures and decision-making context in international environment will be analyzed form the perspective of corporate and human ethics. These specific areas of international business have been chosen for deeper analysis since they appear to be some of the most critical for development and success of company’s operations overseas. Furthermore, in the international context ethics, according to Donaldson, means following the three basic principles for international ethics: Respect of core human values, Respect for local traditions, Believing that context matters when determining the right and the wrong (Donaldson 1996). In addition, the key principles and advantages of effective CSR practices will be outlined with the purpose of clarifying the role of CSR in corporate culture and operations, as well as determining the financial benefits of completing well-designed CSR initiatives. Findings MNC’s Operations: Exploitation or Cooperation? Multinational corporations, being large and influential organizations, attract much attention of governments, local authorities, interest groups and other representatives of the communities they operate in. This is especially true in relation to the ethical concepts an orga nization brings into the society, and employment-related practices in particular (Briscoe, Schuler and Claus 2008,136). Briscoe, Schuler and Claus (2008, 136) mention that, while companies entering foreign markets claim bringing great advantages to the county, in reality

Business Analysis of Wal-Mart Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Analysis of Wal-Mart - Research Paper Example Currently, Wal-Mart has about 4,573 stores worldwide along with 730,000 associates that are evident in the form of their presence in fourteen countries (Vatalyst, 2012). In Canada, Brazil, Argentina and United Kingdom, Wal-Mart has wholly owned operations while it has several joint ventures in China along with some majority owned subsidiaries. In many international stores, Wal-Mart operates under various banners with one aim that is to provide best quality products at low prices so that customers can save money and live a better life as well. The primary idea behind the establishment of Wal-Mart was to provide high quality branded products at low prices. In order to have low prices, the company ensures that the cost is kept to a minimum level with the help of excellence in warehousing as it has developed cordial relations with its suppliers and advancements in information technology have helped the store to ensure that inventory level is properly maintained (Piercy, Cravens & Lane, 2 010). Economic trends influencing business Wal-Mart has been severely impacted by economic recession and increase in costs of transportation and utilities. The second quarter forecast of corporation reported that the share prices are lower and profits also reduced considerably as compared to first quarter profits (Cheng, 2012). Lately, shares of Wal-Mart went down to $56.74 which meant it reduced by 2.2%. Other costs that have impacted Wal-Mart’s sales are increase in commodities and fuel cost; as a result product placement and transportation became one of the major areas of concern for the store. The number of economic worries for consumers has increased significantly i.e. from gasoline prices that have reached highest prices to housing and credit markets that have declined radically. Such economic downturns have affected the spending power of budget conscious consumers who prefer to shop from Wal-Mart rather than do bargaining for their shopping. Since economic recession ha s impacted lives of USA consumers’, they are now shifting to Wal-Mart for shopping at low prices (Cheng, 2009). In order to cut down its cost, Wal-Mart has controlled its promotional activities as it needs to maintain certain profit level so that it can survive in such financial distressful situations. Wal-Mart still uses its tagline â€Å"Save Money. Live Better† and in order to reinforce this image it has expanded into generic drug prescription program. Currently, store is offering 90 days supplies of about 350 medications for $10 and also $4 over-the-counter drugs so it can expand its sales of pharmaceutical products and even bolster its store traffic. Strategies and Tactics used by Wal-Mart for addressing the changes Since Wal-Mart wants to reach more customers and observing that industries are getting global, Wal-Mart launched its website in 2010. It consolidated all its E-commerce activities worldwide into one Global E-commerce Division (Parker, 2012). The primar y objectives of this Division comprise of developing and executing a global strategy for E-commerce; provide acceleration for global growth of online channel and creation of technological platforms and applications for every market of Wal-Mart. In order to address the global changes that are taking place, Wal-Mart has revised its business strategies to incorporate these alterations in the market and ensure that they are aligned with organization’s main goal of providing superior quality products at low prices.

The nutritional status Essay Example for Free

The nutritional status Essay The individual (a male patient) was about 5’9† in height and weight 105 kilograms, was obese (classified as fat by the Food Standard Agency, UK). He was overweight by about 30 kilograms for his height. His waist circumference was about excess by about 6 to 7 centimetres, meaning that he had accumulated excessive subcutaneous fat in the abdominal and the hip region. His body mass index (BMI) was also suggesting that he was obese and needed to lose weight (according to the Food Standard Agency, UK). His BMI was about 36. 3 and that of normal ranges from 18. 5 to 24. 9, and overweight ranges from 25. 0 to 29. 9. Any value about 30 is considered to be as obese (NHLBI). The individual’s blood pressure is about 165/92 mm Hg which suggests that the individual is suffering from stage 2 or severe hypertension. Any value above 160 mm Hg systolic or 100 mm Hg diastolic can be considered as severe hypertension (according to Mayo Clinic, 2007). The exact cause for the hypertension is really not known, but several risk factors such as increased body weight, physical inactivity, high sodium intake, elevated blood glucose levels, high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, etc may play a major role in the development of the disease. The blood pressure is a product of the cardiac output and the peripheral vascular resistance. Since these are both raised, the blood pressure is elevated (Mayo Clinic, 2007). The individual is at a risk of developing stroke, heart attacks, heart failure and kidney failures due to the severe hypertension (Medline Plus, 2007). The normal blood pressure ranges from 115 to 120 mm Hg for systole and 75 to 80 mm Hg for diastole (Mayo Clinic, 2007). The individual’s cholesterol levels are about 7. 5 mmol/L which puts him at a very high risk of developing heart disease (anything above 6. 2 mmol/L are considered as high-risk) (according to the NHBLI, 2001). The individual’s plasma triglyceride level is slightly high which puts him at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis, heart disease and stroke. Individuals with diabetes mellitus not undergoing treatment are also at a higher risk of developing elevated plasma triglyceride levels. The individuals fasting blood glucose level is about 8. 4 which is very high compared to the normal limits. This suggests that he could be suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (Mayo, 2006). Individuals who are suffering from diabetes mellitus are more likely to develop several complications including a fatal outcome when they are affected with a cardiovascular episode such as a heart attack or angina. The plasma sodium levels are slightly higher suggesting an increased risk of hypertension and developing heart diseases such as heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (Better Health Channel, 2007). The plasma potassium levels are within normal ranges. The mean corpuscular value of the red blood cells is reduced (the individual could be suffering from microcytic anaemia) which usually develops in iron deficiency anaemia (Lab Tests Online, 2005). The haemoglobin levels are also below normal suggesting that the individual is suffering from anaemia (Lab Tests Online, 2005). The Blood urea nitrogen levels are within normal limits, but are towards the higher side, suggesting that the individual could be having a risk of developing a heart attack or kidney failure in the future (Richards, T, 2005). The creatine kinase levels are within the normal limits in the body, but are towards the higher side suggesting that there is a risk of damage occurring to the muscles of the heart (MDA, 2000). The AST levels (a liver enzyme) are within normal limits. The individual is following a sedentary lifestyle and is consuming about 3500 cal per day which is far too much. His actual calorie consumption per day should be about 2500 calories per day (Nutri-Facts, 2000). The individual is consuming a diet of 45% carbohydrate, 40% fat and 15% protein. The intake of fats is very high. An idea ratio would be 60-70 % carbohydrates, 15 % proteins and 20 % fats. A high-fat diet is further contributing to the cholesterol levels, the arthrosclerosis process and increasing the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (Diabetes India). What dietary recommendations and life style changes would you recommend? Discuss the issues you would need to consider when constructing a suitable dietary regimen for this patient. The individual should ensure that he consumes a balanced diet not only containing adequate amounts of macronutrients (that is carbohydrates, fats and proteins), but also sufficient amounts of micronutrients (that is vitamins and minerals). The individual is suffering from iron deficiency anaemia, and hence a diet containing vitamin B12, folic acid and iron should be administered. Iron and Vitamin B supplements may also be required. Blood tests should be frequently conducted to ensure that the haemoglobin levels and the MCV are monitored (NHS, 2007). As the individual is suffering from diabetes mellitus, the intake of calories and fats should be reduced or modified. Simple sugars should be avoided and instead complex polysaccharides should be consumed (in the form of starch). The fibre quantity in the diet should also be increased. The individual should be treated for diabetes through insulin and/or oral-anti-diabetic drugs, as the sugar level is very high. The blood glucose levels should be constantly monitored to ensure that modifications are initiated as early as possible (Mayo, 2006). The individual should consume a low fat diet, which is about 20 % of the macro-nutrient ratio. More of High density lipoproteins (HDL) should be consumed instead of the low density lipoproteins (LDL). The LDL contributes to the bad cholesterol present in the body and could worsen the risk of developing heart disease (Diabetes India). The salt intake should be reduced as it could worsen the hypertension and could also cause heart failure and fluid retention (Diabetes India). The individual requires treatment of hypertension so that the blood pressure is brought within limits and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease is lowered. Antihypertensive medications are required to control the blood pressure. Some of the different groups of drugs that may be required include diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, etc (Mayo, 2007). These should be consumed as recommended by the physician. The individual’s blood pressure should constantly be monitored to ensure that modifications are made as early as possible. Besides, lifestyle changes are also required, which are also required to control the diabetes and hypertension (Mayo, 2007). Medications should be taken regularly and on time. Meals should not be skipped and should be consumed on time as directed by the nutrients. Smoking should be stopped and alcohol consumption should be minimised. Feasting or fasting should be avoided. Regular exercises are necessary to ensure that the weight is brought to a level which is less damaging for the body. The individual should take adequate rest and consume plenty of water in a day (Mayo, 2006). References: American Heart Association 2007. Triglycerides, [Online], Available: http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Salt?open

Regulating Manipulative Advertisements

Regulating Manipulative Advertisements Should subtle manipulation advertisements be regulated by the government? Introduction In view of the fact that mass media develop into mass media, companies have obviously utilized this ways of communications to allow a huge numeral of people to be acquainted with their products. There is not anything faulty with that, as it let’s pioneering concepts and ideas to be shared with others. On the other hand, as the years have evolved, the style of techniques and methods of advertising has been sophisticated, alluring and influential and even generating needs and consumerism where there has been nothing before, or turning lavishness into necessities. The major and commanding industry, the advertising industry, employs in misleading subliminal advertising which the majority us are ignorant of. By means of subliminal techniques, by detouring our unconscious mind, advertisers strike into the susceptibility adjacent to our unconscious mind, controlling and influencing us in a lot of ways. So main question arises does government should implement actions to regulate such subtle manipulation? The significance of advertising is progressively on the increase in contemporary society. While the social communication media themselves have huge influence all over the place, so does advertising, by means of media as its medium, is an invasive, commanding power shaping behavior and attitudes in todays world. Advertising can deceive its function as a resource of information by parody and by withholding pertinent data. Occasionally, too, the media’s information function can be undermined by pressure of advertisers upon programs or publications not to care for of questions that may prove awkward or not convenient. More often, despite the fact that, advertising is utilized not merely to inform other than to motivate and persuade — to induce people to take action in definite ways: acquire definite products or services, support definite institutions, and similar to. [Ayanwale, A. B., Alimi, T. Ayanbimipe, M. A. (2005).]This is where particular subtle manipulation can take place. A great deal of advertising expressed at children in fact tries to make use of their suggestibility and credulity, in the expectation that they will place pressure on their parents to acquire merchandises of no actual gain to them.[ Moore, S.E. (2004), ] Advertising similar to this affronts in opposition to the rights and dignity of both parents and children; it encroaches upon the relationship of parent-child and seeks out to influence it to its individual base ends. As well, a few of the moderately little advertising directed specially to the elderly or culturally deprived seems designed to participate upon thei r frights consequently as to influence them to assign a few of their restricted resources to goods or services of questioning value. Advertisers make use of subliminal techniques to manipulate the 2nd and 3rd consciousness level. They mark the consumers desires and fears; manipulate them in ways on no account considered likely. Advertisers On the other hand, provide to the customer on the cognizant level a neutral, safe, logically engaging ad to appease the resistance of consumers to subliminal marketing. While glancing in the course of an ad, the normal consumer block-reads paras and hardly notices an ad that they have appear several times. This is prime time in subliminal response since the conscious mind is indifferent in the potentially unpleasant subliminal matter. [Brooke, Roger. ]There are soft drinks advertisements of naked women in floating ice cubes. Also there are subliminal messages being flickered in theaters informing people to eat popcorn and drink soda It is apparent that by pattering into the unconscious mind of consumers devoid of their understanding, the advertisers are appealing in misleading practices. It is as well an invasion of privacy. However, is this lawful? The reply is no. There are many legislation that forbid advertisers from utilizing subliminal messages in their advertisements. The Sec 5 of Federal Trade Commission Act forbids unjust or deceptive practices or acts in interstate commerce. They as well assert they have prime responsibility for ruling of advertising in US. Subliminal are intrinsically misleading since the customer does not distinguish them at a standard level of consciousness, and consequently is specified no choice whether to recognize or decline the message, as is the instance with normal advertising. ATF seizes that this kind of advertising method is forged and deceptive, and is forbidden by law. The Supreme Court For several years, apprehended that the wide government powers to regulate commerce incorporated the â€Å"minor power† to limit commercial communication1 the Court in Valentine (1942) case , held that the First Amendment does not safeguard â€Å"solely commercial advertising.† This outlook was functional when the courts uphold the prohibition of broadcast cigarettes advertising, on the other hand, in the mid-1970s this view begin to change as the Court nullify more than a few state rulings influencing advertising of products and services for instance pharmaceutical drugs and abortion providers The majority states as well have laws typically in the structure of deceptive practices statutes or consumer fraud that control advertising. State or local officers beneath these laws, can seek out injunctions in opposition to illicit ads and take lawful action to obtain repayment to consumers. A few laws offer for criminal penalties jail and fines but proceedings of criminal for false advertising are uncommon except if fraud is engaged.[ Bagwell, Kyle.] The difficulty in this legal battle is not legislation, sadly. It is the evidence. Since of its temperament, subliminal messages are almost unfeasible to establish. How do you establish to the judge in the Diet Coke there is a naked woman? How do you establish to the judges there are blaring faces concealed ice cubes? In this system of legal, you cannot establish. The proof would be deemed circumstantial. Advertisers would certainly rebuff any such activity and assert that if you gaze into something long adequate, you will position it. The majority substantial proof is yearly spending billions on research and subliminal advertising by these advertisers. Conclusion Advertisers have got a solid hold on our everyday lives. Half of their controlling influence can be trailed to their employ of subliminal advertising. They take benefit of the susceptibility in our subconscious brains. By means of the most recent computer technology, they have supreme resources to influence each picture to target a precise weakness in us. The needs of government regulations are essential in modern day as this subliminal advertising unconsciously attack our minds and intrude our privacy. References Ayanwale, A. B., Alimi, T. Ayanbimipe, M. A. (2005). The Influence of Advertising on Consumer Brand Preference. Journal of Social Science, 10(1), 9-16. Bagwell, Kyle. â€Å"The Economic Analysis of Advertising.† In Handbook of Industrial Organization, vol. 3, edited by M. Armstrong and R. Porter. Amsterdam: North-Holland, forthcoming 2005. Brooke, Roger. Pathways into the Jungian World: Phenomenology and Analytical Psychology. New York: Routledge, 2000. Moore, S.E. (2004), â€Å"Children and changing world of advertisements†, Journal of Business Ethics, 52: 161-167

Sade animates Newtonian virtue :: French Literature Papers

Sade animates Newtonian virtue Sade integrated 18th century French materialism into his work at a such an elemental level that it is no exaggeration to say, as we will show here, that his pornography dramatises it directly. I will further argue that there is a strongly moral tone to his materialism : that characters are expected to practise what they preach, and to believe in their value system. The last part of my paper will look at how the opposing value system, Christianity, is satirised through the figure of Justine and that of the passive victims in general. Sade was an atheist, a Lockean sensationist and a materialist; he avidly read Diderot and d’Alembert’s Encyclopà ©die and the writings of the philosophes d’Holbach, Robinet, Condillac, La Mettrie and Buffon. He littered his works with references both tacit and explicit to the philosophes and passionately espoused what he saw as their cause. Their thinking was crucial to the construction of his own Å“uvre, and as he commented himself on his writing practice, â€Å"que veux-tu qu’on fasse sans livres ? Il faut en à ªtre entourà © pour travailler, sinon on ne peut faire que des contes de fà ©es, et je n’ai pas cet esprit-là  .† [what am I supposed to do without books ? You have to be surrounded with them to work, otherwise you can only do fairy-stories, and I’m not that way inclined]. I hope to show here just how close his own work was to the materialism of the philosophes. The Encyclopà ©die itself advocated a close expository relationship between science and literature. The article â€Å"Lettres† explains that: â€Å"†¦ les lettres et les sciences proprement dites, ont entr’elles l’enchainement, les liaisons, et les rapports les plus etroits; c’est dans l’Encyclopà ©die qu’il importe de le demontrer.† [literature and science are linked by the closest contact and relationship; it is up to the Encyclopà ©die to show that this is the case]. This assertion is of course based on the belief that science and literature are or should be about the same thing, that is to say, they are about life and nature. Life and nature, in the Encyclopà ©die, mean matter in all its various forms. Matter was defined by the Encyclopà ©die as a â€Å"substance à ©tendue, solide, divisible, mobile et passible, le premier principe de

Ibuprofen :: essays research papers

Ibuprofen Abstract The project that I chose to research was the effect of Ibuprofen on the heart rate of the daphnia. The reason that I chose to do this was because many people in society use over the counter pain killers without really understanding any of the long term effects of this medicine other than clearing their aches pains, and swelling. One of the leading drugs on the market today is Ibuprofen which you may know as Motrin or Advil. Both drugs are identical except for quantity and price, and even there it might be the same. The organism I chose to work with is a crustacean called the Daphnia. Later in this report I will attempt to explain the significance of that organism and why I chose to conduct tests on it. I then, with the information at my disposal, conjured a hypothesis which I would test. Using the materials at hand I, to the best of my ability tested my hypothesis. In conducting the tests I created graphs and tables of my work. At the conclusion of my experiment I came up with an answer that was almost unpredictable with the information that I was using. Although this was a crude experiment, I believe that I did gain a lot from it. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The drug that I chose, Ibuprofen, is an anti-inflammatory analgesic. It is propionic acid that is white and powdery, and soluble in water, and organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone. (1) Its structural formula is: (CH3)2CHCH2 CH(CH3)COOH   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Its role of action as a drug is not completely clear to the sciences, but that with time will change. One thing we do know is that people who have allergies to Aspirin should not take this medicine. (2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As of now we know that it may play a role in prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. (1) Prostaglandin are hormonal like substances that form in animal tissue from polly unsaturated fatty-acids. (3) They do affect several body systems including the central nervous, gastrointestinal, urinary, and endocrine systems. It has been shown to have very minor effects on smooth muscle contraction and the clotting ability of blood which we are concerned with.(4) Excesses of these substances may cause pain, inflammation, and fever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is also an analgesic which is used to reduce or eliminate pain without causing a loss of consciousness. (4) Another name for these substances which we all know of is a painkiller.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A water flea or Daphnia, is a member of the subclass Brachiopod, in the order Cladocera. They are found in the plankton of open water. (5) What I was

Observation and Description

The teacher used colorful manipulative materials, visual aids, overhead projector, projector screen, blackboard, and chalk in teaching equivalent fractions. The students gathered their desk together and worked in groups.   There were four students in each group.   Each group member has colorful fraction pieces of paper in a plastic bag to help them perform the Mathematical activities on equivalent fractions. The classroom is spacious and there are shelves filled with learning materials.   There is also a television set above the blackboard.   The classroom is well lighted, orderly and the environment is conducive to learning. b. Describe the observed teaching situation in video 2. Students worked in groups.   There are three students in each station.   Every station has a variety of activities designed to help students learn the concepts of geometry.   Students have used the resources available in the station in learning geometry. The classroom is spacious, orderly and well lighted.   There are several learning materials inside the classroom.   The environment is conducive to learning. c. Describe the observed delivery of instruction in video 1. The teacher has an organized way of preparing the class for the lesson.   Before presenting the lesson, the teacher instructed her students to get the materials needed for the Math lesson such as fraction pieces of paper and notebooks.   Then, she asked them to put all the colors of the fraction pieces of paper together so they could easily use the materials. The teacher was able to give instructions in a clear manner.   She initially used her manipulatives and the overhead projector to demonstrate how to find one half of the circle.   This prompted the students to follow what she did and discover different combinations of one half using their fraction pieces of paper. d. Describe the observed delivery of instruction in video 2. The teacher allowed the students to discover the principles of geometry on their own.   She went to the stations to observe and check on what the students are doing.   She guided some students and tell them how other students approach the problem and work on the activities.   Probing was also done when she asked the students â€Å"this one connects to that vertex, is there another one that this one could be connected to?†Ã‚   All instructions given by the teacher were clearly understood by the students. There was a good follow-up on what the students have learned when the teacher asked some students about the types of information that they have used to describe the shapes, and what they have discovered when the vertices were connected.   In addition, she also had a good control of the flow of lesson and classroom situation when she asked the student, who was busy working on the activities in the tangram station, to write a reflection on what they have learned.   The teacher also expressed appreciation on the effort of the students. e. Describe student interaction with the observed instruction in video 1. After the teacher demonstrated how she was able to get the equivalent fractions using her manipulatives, the students use the fraction pieces of paper that they have and they were able to work on their own in discovering the equivalent fractions. The teacher went around the group to ask questions as students work on their fraction pieces of paper.   There were positive interactions between the teacher and the students. f. Describe student interaction with the observed instruction in video 2. Students had positive interactions with their classmates and with the teacher.   They spoke and listened to one another, shared what they have discovered, considered the ideas of their classmates, and sometimes agreed or disagreed with their ideas. Each member of the group contributed to the learning process.   They shared the resources found in their respective stations. Analysis, Exploration, and Reasoning a. Explain the pedagogical purpose of the observed teacher’s lesson in video 1. The teacher has used modeling when she initially demonstrated how to discover the equivalent fractions.   The cooperative learning method has encouraged small groups of students to work together and discover the different combinations of equivalent fractions using the fraction pieces of paper. While working in groups, the active learning environment was established and students learn by performing the activities, discussing their work with their group mates and seeing different combinations of fractions that their group mates have done. b. Explain the pedagogical purpose of the observed teacher’s lesson in video 2. The teacher has used cooperative learning in grouping students in each station.   The activities in each station were structured to help students learn geometry through their own discovery and to make them fully engaged in the learning process. The teacher made some observations, listening and intervening whenever necessary so students can meet the goal in learning the concepts of geometry.   Students have hands-on learning experience, good interaction and cooperation as they share their ideas with their classmates and use the resources that are found in the stations.   This encourages retention of the lesson and appreciation of learning. c. Analyze the observed teacher’s possible purpose for using a specific strategy in video 1. Math is a subject that a lot of students fear and do not appreciate.   The teacher has used her creativity in utilizing manipulatives in teaching fractions to make the lesson interesting to the students. A lot of students are visual learners and the mathematical activities involving the use of colorful manipulatives and overhead projector as visual aids and fraction pieces of paper for hands-on learning develop eye-hand coordination and critical thinking. d. Analyze the observed teacher’s possible purpose for using a specific strategy in video 2. The activities that were structured in every station were observed to be in various levels of difficulty.   Learning about shapes is easy, connecting the vertices and discovering if there are similarities between the number of vertices and the number of lines connecting them has an average level of difficulty.   The tangram station is challenging because students are required to put the polygons together to form some patterns. The possible purpose of using the cooperative learning strategy is to allow students to work at their own pace and within their intellectual capacity.   Asking students to write what they have learned in each station is a good way of checking whether they find the lesson interesting or if they are ready to move to a different station in their next lesson. e. Analyze the impact of the observed teacher’s instructional strategy on student learning in video 1. Students were performing the activities in fractions without realizing that they were adding, subtracting, or multiplying numbers to discover equivalent fractions. Cooperative learning allowed students to work with other students and gain knowledge through their own discovery while interacting with their teacher and with other members of the group. f. Analyze the impact of the observed teacher’s instructional strategy on student learning in video 2. All students were fully engaged in the activities.   Cooperative learning led students to engage in a lot of discussions, sharing of ideas and critical thinking. Students are learning the principles of geometry through hands-on activities.   They also learn through exploration and discovery.   With the variety of activities, students are not bored and they appreciate the lesson.