Charleston Dance free essay sample

The period of the 1920s has a complex social and cultural history. From this history, derived the popularity of the upbeat Charleston Dance. Most people will associate this dance with the flappers and the speakeasy, despite its origins, because many young women used it as a way to mock the people who supported the Prohibition. As a result, the Charleston was considered to be a provocative and immoral dance during its time. In this paper, I want to briefly explore the dance’s history, its characteristics, how it reached popularity, how the social implications of the time affected the dance, and ultimately how the Charleston defined women and helped them change the social normative. The actual origins of the Charleston are long and obscure. First off, the Branle of 1520 is said to be quite similar to the Charleston. It is a French Renaissance dance that was generally performed outside. It is described to have a â€Å"winging step and anterior kick and swing, the lifting of the leg, the twisting of the feet and the side fling of the foot† (Watson). These movements are close to the characteristics of the Charleston. On the other hand, for an African American influential approach, many dance historians hold the Ash-Ante peoples of Africa as the originators. The walking movements, combined with the feet pointing in and out, are characteristics used in the Charleston (Asheante). Yet, it is further said that the series of steps have originated from the African Americans living on a small island off the coast of Charleston, South Carolina, while others say its from the Cape Verde Islands in western Africa. As a result, leading to the obscurity of the dances origins. (Watson) The characteristic Charleston beat incorporates the clave rhythm that is synonymous with the habanera and the Spanish tinge, and can be danced solo, with a partner, or in a group (Watson). It contains a simple, flexible base step that makes it easy to concentrate on styling, improvisation, and musicality. In whichever style, either solo or partner, the basic movement resembles the natural movement of walking, although it is performed in place. Meanwhile, the arms swing forward and backward, with the right arm coming forward as the left leg steps forward and then moving back as the opposite arm/leg begins its forward movement. The toes are not pointed, but the feet form a right angle with the lead at the ankle, and the arms are frequently bent at the elbow and the hands form a right angle for the wrist. Furthermore, the Charleston incorporates a bounce in its steps, which goes along with the beat in the music (Charleston Dance). The characteristics of the feet, arm, wrist, and ankle angles are synonymous with African dances, and thus why the Charleston is thought to have originated from them. (Watson) In partner Charleston, couples stand facing each other in the traditional European closed position. The leader’s, normally the male, left hand is place on the follower’s, normally the female, back between their shoulder blades. The follower’s left hand then rests on the leader’s shoulder or biceps. The leader’s left hand and the follower’s right hand are clasped palm-to-palm, and held at shoulder height or higher. For the basic step, the leader touches his left foot behind them, without shifting weight while the follower mirrors the motion by touching their right foot in front, without shifting weight. Next, both partners bring their feet back to a standing position and shit their weight onto the foot they have just moved, the left for the leader and the right for the follower. Then, the leader touches their right foot in front of themselves, while the follower touches their left foot back. Finally, both feet are brought back to the standing position. (Charleston dance) Lastly, in group Charleston, the dance is the most improvised. Often, it would be arranged in a loose circle on the dance floor in two long lines of facing dancers. Sometimes, a person will call out a designated step, or the individual dancers may choose to dance solo, and improvise in response to the music or other dancers around them. Despite the variances in ways of dancing the Charleston, one thing remained the same; it was a high-energy, high tempo dance. (Charleston dance) The Charleston was first performed as early as 1903 in the Southern States of the United States of America (Watson). As time went by, the steps were more gradually used and finally made its way onto the Harlem stage productions by 1913. In 1921, it was featured on a show called â€Å"Shuffle Along† and referred to as the â€Å"fasted dancers ever seen†(Watson). By 1922, the Charleston was introduced to the theater world in New York when the â€Å"Ziegfeld Follies† staged a dance act that incorporated the Charleston, which was choreographed by Ned Wayburn. Finally, the dance hit Broadway in the show â€Å"Runnin’ Wild† and hit its highest acclaim. At the height of its popularity, the dance changed things not only in the dance community, but also in the social lives of the people it encompassed. (Watson) In order to determine the relationship between the Charleston and society, information about the time period needs to be known. It was the interlude between the Great War and the Great Depression, a decade full of dissipation, jazz bands, bathtub gin, flappers, and dancers. World War One had shattered Americans’ faith in reform and moral crusade, and the younger generation proceeded to rebel against the traditional taboos, while the elders engaged in speculation. (Koritz). As a result, the 1920’s were a time of conservation and social change in fashion and politics. On January 16th, 1920, the United States went dry: breweries, distilleries, and saloons were forced to close their doors. It was the Prohibition (Giordano). It was believed that the prohibition would alleviate social problems, reduce crime and poverty, and boost the economy. However, many people disliked it and imbibed in unlawful nightclubs and speakeasies. In order to get into a speakeasy, one had to whisper a code word or name through a slot in a locked door to gain admittance, and thus spread disrespect for the law with illegal alcoholic activities. From such speakeasies grew out parties and dances with the hottest bands, and of course the flappers (Giordano). Flappers were women during the 1920s that changed the social normative. They stripped off the corsets and pantaloons and traded in for looser clothes to be able to move freely. They raised the hem of the skirts to just below the knee; something unheard of before this time. They are characterized as having short haircuts and wearing makeup, when makeup was previously associated with loose women (Rosenburg). Flappers lived the fast life and dared to smoke cigarettes, drink cocktails, and partake in sexual behavior. They wanted to be different from their parents and announce their departure from the older morals, thus shocking the older generation. They had a scandalous image as the â€Å"giddy flapper, rouged and clipped, careening in a drunken stupor to the lewd strains of a jazz quartet† (Johnson). Flapper culture wanted it all. The 1920’s came after one of the biggest wars in history, World War One, were everyone had lost their innocence. Women were discovering what life truly was like, and the flappers threw off the shackles of the Victorian society’s prudery and modesty, and opened the eyes of young women and the mouths of young men. For example, Louise Brooks, a famous flapper, was also an amazing dancer that had an appetite for alcohol, fashion, and sex. She was beautiful, smart, sexy, and â€Å"didn’t seem to give a damn what people thought of her† (Boland). She would do whatever she wanted, when she wanted, and with whom she wanted: An ultimate flapper. As a result, the Charleston dance quickly became a favorite for flappers. It was considered wild, and easily fit the fast-paced life-style. It allowed the flappers to show off their sexuality by shimmying, and flaunting sexuality. It also allowed them to rebel against old laws including the prohibition. Additionally, it broke down old social barriers. Rich people, ordinary folks, men, and women all danced together and chatted about their days through the dance. They shared a goal of having fun and getting the best illegal liquor around. Additionally, because of the Charleston and its appeal to flappers, sex lost its taboo nature. (Johnson) These social changes led to women achieving the right to vote, as well as becoming a larger part of the workforce. Before the 1920’s, women worked in domestic service, agricultural labor, and clothing trades. During the 1920’s, women held low-level clerical jobs in offices, but most importantly held jobs outside of the home. Women could now have work and marriage. (Johnson) In conclusions, the Charleston dance was more than just a social dance for people to gather with. For each individual the dance symbolized something. For everyone, the Charleston was a way to mock authority and rebel against the law. It harbored the rebellious nature and fast-paced lives of the younger generation.

High Performance Management

Question: Explain the value of high performance management. Answer: The units depicts the value of high performance management is very absorbing at can be utilized in our day to day pursuits in my organization. I can utilize the information to predict my future moves and I hope it will be prospective when my career will move to a more professional dimension. The classes that I took in this context had motivational value and that is why I am submitting the journals to notify what I have learned. over viewing the HPO: What does HRM contribute? Human resources management is said an effective part of management as they recruit potential candidates who will be assisting fulfilling organizational goal (Phillips, 2013). The lecture about the importance of human resources management in HPO showed the attributes that I can utilize in real business. HPOs HRM characteristics: The targets they set are very ambitious and well acquainted with organizational development Strong sense of purpose is projected through external and internal value sharing Employees are engaged into discussions They align strategies to understand the goals and then co relate that with external demands for prosperity Monitor the environment and react adequately HPOs strategies Goals which are consistent and planned out strategies Their primary and ultimate goal is to serve the customers Performance measures are clarified to the employees and they are motivated to work together to fulfill their target They maintain their ethical standard and to use skills and performances of employees to provide solution to the customers Collective decision making From the journal published by Hendry 2012, I learned how organizations focus only on the administrative side of the discipline andfails analyze the strategic perspective. The significant thing that I learned from that human resources manager should not be resilient to changes. The practice of changing the organization builds or destroys an organization. Leading Change in the HPO Module 2 actually showed me the capacity of a leadership to affect the organizational behavior and I am thinking of use it in my next assignment. I have learned from the journal published by Wagner III Hollenbeck 2014 that in an organization leadership plays an intrinsic role in motivating the employee. This has aided me to develop a clear idea as to how organizational behavior changes under different leadership. Attributes of HPO: HPO have leaders that truly care about motivating employees to get better productivity and performance. They are more enthusiastic in growing bond with the customers rather than stakeholders. They show encouragement to the employee for taking part in strategy designing and decision making They are responsive to customer appeal and make changes according to them. HPO leaders think out new strategies to emerge out with new business opportunities. They likely to Balance long term and short term to define their potential Adopt specific strategies which will lead the organization to the top most position Implement robust techniques to meet the demands of the customers Apply certain strategies to set the company apart Create a learning organization Change in environment of leadership can bring positivity in the organization (Greenberg Colquitt, 2013). This study will assist me in my future profession as HR professional. Leadership, Culture and the HPO While venturing module 3, my idea about the new ways of working are cultivated. The lectures that I attended for module 3 elucidated the need of accepting metamorphosis. The journal published by Galegher, et al., 2014 helped me to learn the techniques that will an organization to develop. Attributes of HPO They empower people and encourage them to take decisions and actions inside an organization. They substantiate core values that are strong and meaningful. Cultural openness and trust is created. They are community centric in their attitude. Stimulate change in the environment. They likely to: Train harder to gain market potentiality. Increase scope for their organization. Risk taking is compulsory. Realize their benefit in order to understand the change that is taking place in the market. Unfreezing of the employee by communication process.. Training employee to increase productivity. Through Delbridge Sallaz 2015, I have learned that change is inevitable and an organization has to pass through several phases. This will help me with my future job as HR professional to interact with employees if my organization opts for changes. New Ways of Working A problem, which is taking place today, is not possible to solve by the level of thinking that had been created years ago. From Hatch Cunliffe, 2013, I gained extensive knowledge in how to work in an organization and utilizing new ways to increase adaptability in market place with the help human resources professionals. HPO characteristics: Designing of descent reward and incentive structure. Measure the market with constant communication with the customer. Develop people to be resilient. HPO likely to be: Aligning employee behavior with company values Monitor environment and respond to it Value customer relation. I am surprised that vitality of HR has been denied in past years. HR plays a descent role in collecting data to improve existing product of the company and also about the necessary changes that the enterprise should implement. Journal by Zahra Nambisan 2012 assisted me to understand that business organization needs to acknowledge the role of human resources in business or it will be left behind in the competition of the market. Risk and the HPO I earned the most important lesson from this module that is about risks. In the journal by Gallati 2015 it is discussed that there are many questions that can arise like what can go wrong in an industry and what happens if a corporation confronts the faces risks. HPO characteristics: Problem is identified. Problem is assessed. Risk of project changes in every stage Organizational behavior has changed largely, so the organization has better capability in terms of risk managing. HPO likely to: Implement more effective strategies to resist mishap. Take risks in secured and protective way. Take certain steps so that they can measure failure and control it before it gets ungovernable. The lessons taught by my lecturer on this module have given me clear perspective about the problems that may arise in an organization. As discussed in Lam 2014, organizations have to have effective risk managing team. A new product launch also has it risk economically and politically but I think in this age of technology one should not be afraid of risk because potential strategies and functional technical team can sort out the risk factors of a company. Strategic Management and Uncertainty This module enlightens about the fact that an organization needs to avoid making unreasonable statements. I have learnt from Slack 2015 that accomplishment is enough to illuminate people about the service that the organization really wants to provide. HPO characteristics: Numerical flexibility Design thinking Positioning matters in order to succeed in market place Wage flexibility of the workers HPO likely to: Have flexible mind sets Have flexibility in resources influences the speed of change Different strategies to develop long term plan. Distinctive competence is the process by which an organization achieves advantageous strategies (Klingebiel Rammer, 2014). I am definitely going to implement the use of scope to assess the range of the market and it will help me in distribution of resources in effective way. This module has helped me in gaining knowledge that strategy alone is not effectual without tactics. Objectives can be achieved by effective designing better use of resources and deploying the whole process in tactical way. Rational decision making is very essential to control cost. Business Models The information that I got from Module 7 are helpful as it discusses about the business models that are used to achieve goals in business. The lecturer discussed about the importance of business model in module 7 and sited the important points that structure the business model. My assessment: Customer segmentation is necessary step. Value propositions for initiating the manufacture procedure of a product Channels for distribution and communication and sales are very important aspect in business Customer relationships are essential to know the market condition. Manage the revenue streams Use key resources wisely Focus on the key activities Value key partnerships Needs to define cost structure Attributes of business model helps in setting target and achieve objectives continuously (Osterwalder Pigneur, 2013). I found it very important because it defines the sense of purpose both inside and outside of the organization. I will definitely recommend the organization that I will be working on to concentrate more on customer needs and supply chain management. This is a strategic method to understand how the customers are responding to the service provided by the organization. Importance of cost reduction and brand status can largely affect the target crowd and I want to ensure after studying Business Model Generation byWorkforce Planning Workforce has high importance in business. While I studied this in module 8, I was thrilled to witness the necessity that workforce has in an organization. The lecturer conspicuously explained to me the role of management in choosing workforce. Again in this planning the role of human resources management is effectively discussed. My Assessment: Available talent is allocated correctly Costs of labour is minimized Suitable amount of employee Employees that are talented retained Seek employees who are fit for the organization purpose Competitive and hard working individuals are the target Idealistic individuals who think work is the motivation of life Loyalty receives the ultimate priority Qualitative and quantitative measures are the focal point that an organization depends on in order to find better employment (Dychtwald, Erickson Morison, 2013). Alertness of human resources manager is vital about the external forces. I have found in this study how employment is affected as child labor, immigration changes and part time jobs are proliferating. Increasing use of technology is also affecting the workforce as the company is terminating employees to reduce the rate of expenditure. I want to prioritize both technology and workforce the organization I will be working in as Inforhms workforce planning defines the operational value of both in an organization. Outsourcing and Supply-Chains I have always thought business is all about time but in module 9 interpreted that business is all about making money. So extending the supply chain beyond borders with the help of outsourcing seems best way to develop business. From Willcocks Cullen 2013 I learned how outsourcing can reach people with companys product and can acquire economic value beyond ones knowledge. My Assessment: The human resources manager decides the employment rates of the external labours Graduation is a compulsory degree that an employee working for an outsourcing company Checking national and regional demographic profiles for assurance of outsourcing Embed workforce planning in business planning procedure Forecast the future developments of the organization. Collect meaningful data to study the customers of target area. Multiplying of consumers. Organizations are now able target international markets with the help of outsourcing. I have learned that outsourcing has helped in reducing the expenditure that they had to bear earlier to expand their power beyond their territory. Power of negotiation is well handled by the service agents and organization can control the customers in an effective way with the help of this technology but how safe this technological venture really is? I think this is very risky as confidential information of a company may get disclosed and reputation can get spoiled as some competitor for their own benefit spread rumors about the company. Implementation of Control Systems I learned the importance of control on management in module 10. Control is the disciplining of organizational activities so that the target element of the performance remains in the limit of acceptability. Bureaucratic theory proposed by Max Webber has aided me to know how control can enhance the performance of a company and can give perspective of the position it will achieve in the future. My assessment of the module: Operations control is the process for metamorphosing of resources into products or services Financial control is controlling of resources financially Structural control defines the components of the enterprise and serve their intended purpose Strategic control illuminates the success that organization strategy is gaining in each level. From Jelali 2012, I have understood that budgets can be very misleading as budget making is not a flaw less process. Analyzing the ratio can be an effective tool and I will use it assess to see how well my company is performing. Systematic control can lessen the rates of error made by human. Calculating the factors that gave rise to a certain event and reacting in accordance to that can reduce the risk of failing. Employee Engagement Knowledge Management Knowledge management is another criterion that needs to be assessed in an organization. My lecturer shares his knowledge with me and departs valuable notifications that have helped in my course of study. Similarly, in organization also sharing of information and data related to work is vital. Journal by Jones Sallis, 2013 apprised me how learning can enhance the storage of knowledge. My Assessment: From my module I have learned that there can be two types of knowledge: Explicit knowledge is tangible and can be accessed easily Tacit knowledge is not assessable and cannot be shared if one does not wish to There three types of capital human, structural and relationship Codification and personalization are the two ways of storing knowledge Knowledge is storing of information and idea Records and information are stored in form of data Knowledge is a weapon that helps an individual to gain unattainable objects. Through journal published by Hislop 2013, Codified knowledge is easily accessible as it is stored in database and anyone who knows how to access database can operate the knowledge. I have understood that social interaction can expand the knowledge span and it assist in systematic problem solving in an organization. Like I am acquiring knowledge my teacher and friends, in knowledge management one can expand his knowledge by learning from the others. Conclusion: All the above 11 modules have increased the stock of my knowledge. This study will definitely assist me in ameliorating the ways of the organizations that in which I am going to work. Reference: Delbridge, R., Sallaz, J. J. (2015). Work: Four Worlds and Ways of Seeing.Organization Studies,36(11), 1449-1462. Dychtwald, K., Erickson, T. J., Morison, R. (2013).Workforce crisis: How to beat the coming shortage of skills and talent. Harvard Business Press. Galegher, J., Kraut, R. E., Egido, C. (2014).Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological foundations of cooperative work. Psychology Press. Gallati, R. (2015). Risk Management Capital Adequacy. Greenberg, J., Colquitt, J. A. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of organizational justice. Psychology Press. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Hendry, C. (2012).Human resource management. Routledge. Hislop, D. (2013).Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Jelali, M. (2012).Control performance management in industrial automation: assessment, diagnosis and improvement of control loop performance. Springer Science Business Media. Jones, G., Sallis, E. (2013).Knowledge management in education: Enhancing learning education. Routledge. Klingebiel, R., Rammer, C. (2014). Resource allocation strategy for innovation portfolio management.Strategic Management Journal,35(2), 246-268. Lam, J. (2014).Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y. (2013).Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. John Wiley Sons. Phillips, J. (2013).PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Slack, N. (2015).Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Wagner III, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014).Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Willcocks, L., Cullen, S. (2013).Intelligent IT outsourcing. Routledge. Zahra, S. A., Nambisan, S. (2012). Entrepreneurship and strategic thinking in business ecosystems.Business Horizons,55(3), 219-229.

How to Write Graduate School Application Essays

How to Write Graduate School Application EssaysMizzou graduate school application essays are one of the most important parts of your application. The university's need to know about you need to know about them, in order to make a good impression. This is why it is always a good idea to keep them as simple as possible while still communicating exactly how you want to relate to them.One of the best ways to keep things simple is to look for graduate school application essays that are written using a standard format. Writing the essays in a standard format makes it easier for you to develop a conversation with the committee. In most cases, when you have a standard format for your essays, they will be able to tell immediately if you can write an effective essay and if you are capable of expressing your opinion clearly. One way to make sure that you are able to write a good essay is to look for graduate school application essay samples.In addition to standard formats, there are also severa l other ways to write graduate school application essays that will help make them more effective. These include incorporating short passages of information into the essay. Remember that these pieces of information are supposed to have relevance to the question the committee is asking. You will want to have them integrated with specific examples of your accomplishments and skills, rather than having these examples spread across several paragraphs.Additionally, graduate school application essays can make use of proper grammar and sentence structure. For example, use of certain words, such as 'why'and,' are important for helping to connect your ideas to the content of the essay. The proper punctuation also plays a large role in improving the flow of your essay. Placement of commas, periods, and quotation marks is a very important element of this area. Grad student applications often ask that you use the four basic punctuation marks and most often, your school will expect that you use t hem. Using correct grammar and punctuation is an essential component of writing in a manner that will make you stand out from the crowd. You must also remember that research and knowledge are not enough. You will also want to make sure that your essay addresses the questions your committee will ask you. It will also be important to remember that once you are accepted into the graduate program, you will want to continue writing graduate school application essays in the same style.Another thing to remember about writing graduate school application essays is that you will need to have at least a strong grasp of the American Language. For example, your essay will contain information that will use terms that are common in English-speaking countries. In order to be effective in applying for admission to your graduate program, you will want to research these terms so that you understand them. Finally, you should make sure that your essay uses lots of direct language.Keep in mind that gradu ate school application essays are often extremely important for an admissions committee member to read. If you follow the recommendations in this article, you should be able to write a very good essay that will land you an interview.

sport Essays (271 words) - Dietetics, Endurance Sports,

Title "The Benefits of Running" Introduction Running is becoming an extremely popular sport for all ages. Running is a great form of exercise because it helps people control their weight, develop muscles, and improves mental and physical performance. Body Weight control Aids self-control Burns calories Title "The Benefits of Running" Introduction Running is becoming an extremely popular sport for all ages. Running is a great form of exercise because it helps people control their weight, develop muscles, and improves mental and physical performance. Body Weight control Aids self-control Burns calories Encourages a healthy diet Suppresses appetite Muscular Development Improves tone Enhances contours Increases strength Improves endurance Psychological well-being Aids sleep Inhibits depression Intensifies vitality Conclusion Benefits of running make it an excellent exercise. People who want to improve their health should consider running. Title "The Benefits of Running" Introduction Running is becoming an extremely popular sport for all ages. Running is a great form of exercise because it helps people control their weight, develop muscles, and improves mental and physical performance. Body Weight control Aids self-control Burns calories Encourages a healthy diet Suppresses appetite Muscular Development Improves tone Enhances contours Increases strength Improves endurance Psychological well-being Aids sleep Inhibits depression Intensifies vitality Conclusion Benefits of running make it an excellent exercise. People who want to improve their health should consider running. Encourages a healthy diet Suppresses appetite Muscular Development Improves tone Enhances contours Increases strength Improves endurance Psychological well-being Aids sleep Inhibits depression Intensifies vitality Conclusion Benefits of running make it an excellent exercise. People who want to improve their health should consider running.

laheys teaching technique essays

laheys teaching technique essays Essay on Lahey Introductory Notes After reading the introductory notes, I believe that the most important point that was presented in the notes was the definition of psychology. In order to understand the different causes and effects of psychology, you must first be able to know and understand the definition of it. Lahey defines psychology as the sciences of behavior and mental processes, and then he elaborates the meaning to make sure that we fully understand the definition of psychology. Unlike any other sciences, psychology is the only science where you use the mind to study the mind. I believe that the second most important point that Lahey presents in the introductory is the note on cognitive learning. Lahey understands that psychology is probably an unfamiliar subject to us, therefore, he gives us guidelines to help us better understand what we are reading. He states that we must apply what we already know with the information that we learn in the textbook. He also states that we must be able to apply, ask questions, and be able to clarify the new information that we read. I think that this section of the notes will be extremely helpful to me in the future. Another important piece of information that lahey gives us is the goals of psychology. This helps us to better understand the courses objectives. It also gives us a glimpse of what we are going to learn about in the near future. He states that we should be able to describe, understand, predict and influence behavior and mental process. Not only should you be able to know and comprehend what you read, but you should also be able to fully understand it. ...

Presidential Powers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Presidential Powers - Essay Example Under the devolved system of governance, the President’s powers were trimmed and redistributed to the local governments. However, the president still enjoys three sources of power that include constitutional, institutional, and political sources. This present essay will focus on these current sources of power for the presidency and it will begin with an assessment of the constitutional powers of the President, followed by an assessment of how the 20th century presidents of the U.S have been able to use institutional and political resources to overcome challenges brought about by weak constitutional presidential powers. Lastly, the essay will highlight on the likely future balance of power between the Presidents and the Congress. Constitutional powers of the President It is correct to argue that the ratification of the constitution resulted in the presidency having weak powers. According to Ginsberg et al., these constitutional powers of the President are spelt out in Article T wo of the U.S constitution, which formally creates the executive arm of the central government that is made up of the President, the Vice President, and other presidential appointees. In particular, presidential powers are stated under section 2 of Article Two and they are split into three clauses (387-391). Clause 1 under Article Two gives the President exclusive powers over the U.S’ armed forces since the President is the Commander-in-chief. Furthermore, the clause states that the President shall become the Commander in Chief of militia of several states when he/ she is called into service. However, according to Ginsberg et al., this is power is weakened by the fact that it is only Congress, which can declare war (375). Nevertheless, this fact has been an issue of contention, more so during the Bush era, when President George Bush circumvented the Congress and seemingly declared war on Afghanistan while the Congress simply approved his decision. With reference to the writin gs by Ginsberg et al., it can be argued that Clause 1 is vague in the sense that during times of war there is usually no time to debate and wait for the Congress to declare war (403-405). Therefore, it can be assumed that the President is acting in the best interest of the Nation by declaring war at a strategic time. Under Clause 2, the President has powers to make treaties and nominate Judges of the Supreme Court, public Ministers, Ambassadors, and key Officers of the U.S. However, this power is watered down by the fact that the President must first seek the advice and consent from the senate before making any Treaty and nominations and there are instances where the senate has repealed certain treaties signed by Presidents (Ginsberg et al. 412-415). The third Presidential power is spelt out under Clause 3, which gives the President Powers to make a recess appointment that expires when the next session of the senate ends or until the appointee is confirmed by the senate. This Presid ential power is also weakened by the fact that these appointments are not permanent and they are only made when the senate is on recess. How U.S Presidents in the 20th century have used institutional and political resources to overcome weakness of Presidential powers With references to the writings by Ginsberg et al., he noted that U.S Presidents in the 20th century as well as the 21st century have laid claim to certain inherent powers that they feel are intertwined with the powers that have been granted to them under Article Two of the constitution (Ginsberg et al. 423-428). Moreover, the Presidents have been able to lay claim on this inherent powers because the constitution is

Research philosophies and principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research philosophies and principles - Essay Example The postmodern moment (1990-1995) 6. The postexperimental inquiry moment (1995-2000) 7. The methodologically contested present (2000-2010) 8. The future moment (2010-). In each of the eight moments, different things are included in the definition of qualitative research (Jessor, Colby and Shweder, 1996, p. 129). However, it is customary to offer a generic definition of the qualitative research here: Qualitative research is a kind of research that is â€Å"based on a relativistic, constructivist ontology that posits that there is no objective reality. Rather, there are multiple realities constructed by human beings who experience a phenomenon of interest† (Krauss, 2005, p. 760). Researchers commonly adopt the qualitative methodology when they want to alter things for the better or want to bring a change. Therefore, advocacy and empathy are two of the most essential elements of the researcher’s lifestyle (Stake, 2010, p. 14). This paper evaluates and compares the research philosophies and principles of four research papers related to tourism. All of the research papers are based on qualitative research but have different research paradigms. 1. Visiting death and life: dark tourism and slave castles by Rasul A. Mowatt and Charles H. Chancellor Mowatt and Chancellor (2011) selected Ghana for their research since this country has most number of West African Slave Castles i.e. 36 out of the total 52 that have remained. Mowatt and Chancellor (2011) used interviews, photo elicitation and analysis of the tourists’ narratives in their methodology. The study involved 14 African descents eight of whom were females and six were males. All of them were from the US. The researchers agreed upon the non-generalizability of the research results. â€Å"As such the results from this study are not generalizable. A second sample could have yielded a confirmation or divergence in responses and behaviors with this sample† (Mowatt and Chancellor, 2011, p. 14 28). Research carried out by Mowatt and Chancellor (2011) is an exploratory research wherein the researchers don’t come with preconceived notions about the tourists’ motivations. This research was a mix of the modernist, critical representation and blurred genres moments of research. In course of their research, Mowatt and Chancellor (2011) found that although there is a lot of disparity in the ethnic identities of the aboriginal Africans and the African Americans that have been away from their indigenous place for centuries, yet they still relate to one another and shed away all their time-bound differences when they make a visit to the Ghanaian Slave Castles. The researchers found a special bond between the tourists and the Castles, which had remained unaffected despite their distance from their native land or change in their social identities that has occurred over the time. The factor of symbolic interactionism reflects in the tourists’ discomfort with the W hite people in the post-visit stage. It suggests that the tourists consider the slavery a racial matter in which the Black race has always been oppressed by the White. The fact that the researchers made use of photographs as a means to achieve the research objectives in addition to conducting the in-depth interviews with them and studying their ethnography makes this research relate to the blurred genres moment of research. Also, the researchers’ personal or intellectual biographies don’t show up in the research which further promotes the blurred genre