Advertisement for Ghost Creek Golf Course :: Advertising Marketing

Ghost Creek, A Great Place to Play The July 4, 1998 issue of Golfweek magazine contains an advertisement about a well-known golf course in Cornelius, Oregon. The golf course is called Ghost Creek and the owners’ claim of policy is that they want people to come and play their golf course. The owners’ use a beautiful picture of the course to entice the reader to come and play the golf course. The advertisement uses claims of both fact and value, to further the claim of policy as well as offering supports and warrants to give credibility to the claim of policy. To further Ghost Creek’s claim of policy in the advertisement, the owners offer many claims of fact. One claim of fact that is offered by the advertisement is that the magazine, Golf Digest, chose Ghost Creek to be the best new public golf course for the year, 1992. Likewise, another credible golf magazine, Golf Magazine, ranked Ghost Creek 13th out of the top 100 one can play for the year, 1998. Furthermore, many very prestigious golf tournaments have been played on Ghost Creek, including the Nike Tour Championship in 1993 and 1994 and also the 1996 United States Amateur Championship, which was won by the great Tiger Woods. These claims of fact, as one can, see are used to further Ghost Creek’s claim of policy, which is to come and play a great championship golf course. Once more to further Ghost Creek’s claim of policy in the advertisement, the owners offer not only claims of fact, but also many claims of value. One claim of value Ghost Creek offers is just the sheer beauty of the golf course, as seen in the picture of the advertisement. This claim of value lets the reader feel as if he or she is there in real life. Another claim of value the golf course offers is that Tiger Woods has played and won a major tournament there, the 1996 U.S. Amateur Championship. This claim of value provides the reader with knowledge that one of the great pros in the game today has played there. Many readers would want to come and play a golf course where one of the best has played and won. Other claims of value that the advertisement entails are how relaxing, still, and quiet it is at Ghost Creek.

Theories On Types Of Learners Education Essay

IntroductionThe study aimed to size up and analyse the place of myself as a undergraduate, this undertaking has become a really good manner for myself to place and cognize my ain personality and preferable acquisition manners more better than earlier. I am able to cognize my personal strong and weaknesses through different type of trial I took. Those trial will propose some of the acquisition manner which suit me the most, and help me to derive a higher class on my survey life. Furthermore, this study aims to find my intrinsic personality type and my functions in a squad. In order to accomplish the above aims, trials like VARK Questionnaire, Myers-Briggs Personality Type, and Belbin Self Perception Team Role Profiles trial are able to find my personality type and my preferable learning manner. Every suggestion of the consequence of the trial will be addressed one time I answered all the inquiry. Besides that, remark from my household and friend was become a back uping grounds on the finding of my personality type and acquisition abilities. Based on the few trial I took and the remark of my household, I might be able to find where one stand today, and the truth of myself. Subsequently, I picked my future calling occupation based on the field I survey and ain involvement, making research to roll up more information which related with the occupation that I taken up, looking to the demand of the occupation and based on my skill-set to find myself whether that is a occupation which suit me.Section A: Who I am as a scholar1.VARK TrialVARK is designed to analyze a scholar larning manner, and it ‘s besides determined a personal manner of a scholar. VARK is a really utile trial for every scholar, and VARK was elucidated and formulated by Fleming ( 2002 ) , and is based on the bing nuero-linguistic theoretical account which formulated by Eicher ( 1987 ) . VARK trial was divided into 4 different types of classs. It was VISUAL, AURAL, READ/WRITE and KINESTHETIC. Each scholars might be non truly cognize their ain acquisition manner sometimes, hence most of scholars know their learning manner through VARK Test. The intent of VARK trial is to find scholar lar ning manner and the result is based on the BASIC of favourite larning manner of scholars. Fleming ( 2007 ) says that VARK able to help scholars in their acknowledgment of their acquisition manners they most like. Following is a brief definition of VARK ( Fleming,1992, p274 ) Ocular: Learners who preferred learn by seeing. For illustration, utilizing picture, posting, images during presentations or talks. Aural: Learners who preferences learn by hearing. For illustration, seminars or talks that do non supply any ocular AIDSs. Read/Write: Learners who preferences learn by treating text. For illustration, there are able to read a full pages of words, and compose out a brief drumhead. Kinesthetic: Learners who preference towards larning, practical and sharing experiences for larning intents. Examples, experiment, pattern, simulations, picture cartridge holder etc.Ocular11Aural11Read/Write8Kinesthetic11Figure 1.1 – My VARK Test MarkOn my VARK trial consequence, the trial has determined my single acquisition manners, and my ain position presents. The VARK Test depicted in the Appendix 1. Based on the consequence, I quite asynclitism on Visual, Aural and Kinesthetic, three of it is the highest mark in the trial, therefore VARK describes me as a multimodal scholar. The lowest mark is Read/write. I rather consent with the VARK consequence since I evaluate my survey life in Malaysia last twelvemonth. I have a penchant on lectors who used text books, PowerPoint slide, picture or talk notes which included diagram, graph or pie chart as their instruction stuffs. I found it easy to understand the talk through looking on those ocular AIDSs. Besides that, I quite easy focal point on the pictorials instead than reading a full pages of words of articles or notes which without image. Other than this, I ever had the wont of record the talks by utilizing MP3 Recorder in category and playback when I making alteration. Re-listening aid me to rectifying my notes and more clearer understanding about the talks. My strengths ever assisted me a batch in my survey life, I can understand the talks and absorb cognition faster than those pupils who prefer Read/Write. Based on the existent life experience of myself, when I study in INTI University College Malaysia, most of the lector is giving their talk by PowerPoint slides, so I tend to this learning manner. Additionally, I have inclination of making a presentation slide as notes after category everyday in order to guarantee that I do non lose out any point, clearer apprehension of the surveies lectures. I preferred listening music while doing up notes or do exercisings at the same time. My strength ever help me a batch in my survey life. That is the ground why my visual, aural and kinaesthetic is the highest mark in the VARK trial evidently, hence, I have to use my strengths sagely from now on until the terminal of my life. Apart of this, the VARK trial consequence proved that my failings in Read/ Write facet evidently, Fleming ( 2008 ) illustrate that turning words into ocular is another manner to better the failing of Read/Write. It means that I must set more attempt to better my Read/Write accomplishment and do it equal with the other 3 facets. I found it hard to understand those talks notes, larning stuff or text edition which merely screen by words, it was endure me ever, and I feel sleepy easy if I faced it quite a long period. In add-on, my failing be conspicuous when I go toing my seminar category. I have to better my Read/Write accomplishment from now on instantly in order to do certain that is non a trouble when I out to work in the hereafter.2. MBTI TestMBTI stands for Myers Briggs Type Indicator trial, it ‘s a trial based on Jung ‘s Theory of Personality Types. Paula A. & A ; Martin. F ( 2009 ) defines that â€Å" The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI ) is a widely used personality stock list, or trial, employed in vocational, educational, and psychotherapy scenes to measure personality type in striplings and grownups age 14 and older † . ESTJ and INFP was carried out the different significance. extroversion ( E ) or invagination ( I ) feeling ( S ) or intuition ( N ) thought ( T ) or experiencing ( F ) judgment ( J ) or comprehending ( P ) MBTI trial be able to find the type of the scholars based on the reply of the respondents in the MBTI questionnaire. Charles R. Martin ( 1997 ) defines people who extraversion incline involve in event, outer universe, take portion in a batch of activities, work or play in groups, and like to do friends. while invagination defines a individual who is more inclined towards ain thought, sentiment, reaction etc. This type of people they more preferable making things with little group of people who they feel comfy or entirely. They are wholly different features if comparison with Extraversion. Molly ( 2008 ) defines that people who sensors incline to information they received from what they received and they will state the facts without any reading. Peoples who intuitive more slope to reading, inventive or â€Å" 6th sense † instead than merely state the facts. MyPersonality ( 2007 ) defines believing people are able to do their determination based on what they seen and they non like to believe or judge something ‘s may non based on logic. On the other custodies, experiencing people make their determination based on their feeling, they decides with bosom alternatively of facts. MyPersonality ( 2007 ) defines that people who judging they usually good at completing, they like to be aftering their things and responsible ever and command in events of a person. Besides that, people who comprehending they more preferable outward displayed. They are flexible and adaptable and they non good in organized. ISTJ 53 % ISFJ 67 % INFJ 50 % INTJ 36 % ISTP 42 %ISFP74 %INFP 66 % INTP 34 % ESTP 58 % ESFP 72 % ENFP 55 % ENTP 41 % ESTJ 42 %ESFJ74 %ENFJ 66 % ENTJ 34 %Figure 1.2: My MBTI ScoresDeduction of MBTI TestFollowing, On my Myer Briggs Type Indicator trial mark, the trial has determined my single personality types and besides prove that I have two different personality type, it was ISFP and ESFJ, it was carried out 74 % each. The existent tabular array mark depicted on ( APPENDIX 2 ) . Team Technology ( 1995 ) describes the features of ESFJ individual are does non wish to populate entirely, they more prefer unrecorded within a group. Besides that, ESFJ type individual good in organized, societal, but they have an antipathy to unusual people or environment. This type of people is a good leader in a squad, they are eligible to actuate their member, stimulate squad spirit in order to construct harmoniousness, and form life on a personal footing. Additionally ISFP type is described by Team Technology ( 1995 ) individual usually more inclined to introspective feeling, they easy experience Moody, acquire hurt and dislike alteration. They express their energy towards the interior universe of ideas and emotions. other than this, ISFP individual prone to confusion, they are easy disturbed by other remark or judgement. The chiefly different between from ISFP and ESFJ Harmonizing to C.G.Jung ‘s Theory ( 1977 ) the first two missive in the type codification is the most of import, it ‘s called â€Å" dominant map † . For ESFJ, my dominant map is experiencing, it was more incline to Extraverted Feeling. I rather agree on the trial consequence, in my existent life, I ‘m precisely a individual who extrovert. I like to do friends, take portion of out-of-door activities to regulate the outer universe. I have an antipathy to conceal my look, I preferred express or voice out directly off. For case, I like to work with a group of people, since we can portion the different point of position and values, and do more friends. moreover, I tend to see other experiencing more than my ain, I seek to construct resonance with people, and constructing a strong relationship with people around me, therefore I turn into an of import function of audience in my pack of friends, they like to chew the fat with me. On the others custodies, I like to see something ‘s new, I prefer used my life clip to see different types of life manner or new environment that I ne'er had before, therefore I can accommodate into the new life or new environment to the full in a short times ever. On the another manner unit of ammunition, I ever makes a concluding determination based on my ain basic personal values without interrupt by others. For ISFP, my dominant map is Introverted Feeling, i.e. oriented towards the interior universe. ISFP and ESFJ was happen on me at the same times, nevertheless, harmonizing to the consequence of MBTI trial, I might be non ever extraverted. Review my life, I am a individual who introverted before, I non truly good in build harmoniousness in the universe around me, or encouragement others. For illustration, when I working in a group last clip, I non like to depute my work to others, I prefer done it by myself due to i deficiency of assurance of others or alien, at the terminal, it ‘s conveying a batch of struggle between me and my group mates. However, my extremely assurance and introvert personality spoiled my friend web last clip, hence, I learn to be more Extrovert by spend a batch of times. ESFJ and ISFP non merely differ in Extraversion/Introversion, they besides differ in judgement / perceptual experience. For illustration, if I wish to be after my end, do my life go more stable and good organized, I will differ into judging. While, if I prefer to keep my life flexibleness, I will differ into perceptual experience. ESFJ and ISFP possibly occur at the same times, but it is more depend on the environment or the state of affairs. It ‘s besides called natural disposition by Team Technology ( 1995 ) .3.BELBIN TrialDR Meredith Belbin ( 2003 ) defines a squad function as â€Å" A inclination to act, contribute and interrelate with others in a peculiar manner † . Scribd ( 2009 ) Belbin described the behaviour of a member, how their relationship with others among a squad. The accomplishments developed by Belbin team-role theory allow an single good understanding about their ain strong and failings, and how they conveyed their accomplishment into their occupation o r a group. Belbin separate into nine Team Roles or bunch of behaviour. It was Plant, Resource Investigator, Co-ordinator, Shaper, Monitor Evaluator, Teamworker, Implementer, Completer Finisher and Specialist. Many of the director or employee was taking portion in this questionnaire to detect their ain Team Role penchants, and go a successful leader of a squads. Every of the squad functions can be adopted by different sort of people, it depend on their ain personality types. Application of Test I have been finish the BELBIN trial and the consequence of the trial ( refer Appendix 3 ) has determined and interpreted the assorted facets of my behaviour, harmonizing to the consequence of the trial, I ‘m suit to a occupation which I can utilize my abiding nature or habit covering with everyday responsibilities. The BELBIN trial was showed that I ‘m a individual who extrovert, enthusiastic, communicative, explores chances and develop contacts. Based on my personal experience and MBTI trial, it was a consequence which unswerving and precise. On my old portion clip occupation, I capable to get the better of obstructions with my household or my staff member. Since I ‘m a individual who extrovert and like to societal or research new chances, hence, I know a batch of friends, and develop a high repute among my friends and co-worker, they assist me no affair what job I faced. that is one of the grounds to turn out that I ‘m gave a good feeling to my friends for c ertain. I expand the circle of my life triumphant. The study of the trial besides indicated my failings i.e. may be uncomfortable when holding to cover with force per unit area, uninterested in covering with everyday responsibilities. I was agreed on this, I like to research chances and experience something ‘s new, I detestation making the same things invariably. Once I work under a group, I by and large cooperation with others and supply some utile thought to my group mates. In add-on, deficiency of patiently convey me into suffer one time I working under force per unit area, I ca n't work out my job if force per unit area has come to me. Sometimes, even though the undertaking is easy, one time I gave myself excessively much of force per unit area, I may non execute good or complete it on times, and accordingly it act upon my spirit and besides affect the public presentation on the undermentioned undertaking. If I ca n't let go of my emphasis or work out the job, a feeling of abandonment develops in my bosom accidentally. The BELBIN study besides suggests that I treat anything new as a challenge, therefore leting me to released the emphasis that over sometimes, and they was promote me must larn to pull off my ain calling and self-development in a good thought out manner, and should look towards person who harmony, so merely my ain public presentation is likely to better. Drumhead Harmonizing to the consequence of the three trials I taken, it was proved that I am a multimodal scholar. I must use my strengths astutely and better my failings, so that I can heightening my ain personality and accomplishing an better result than old. The overall three trials, I know my-self better than few old ages ago, and I get ready to get the better of every obstructions that I face, and do non reluctance to make something ‘s may non accommodate my features.4.Comment From My Family or FriendsI received some of the remark from my siblings sentiment on me, harmonizing to their sentiment, it ‘s non truly closed with the result of the trials. It was non surprised me because during semester interruption or vacation, I prefer remaining at place for playing computing machine games or watching play in my room whole twenty-four hours long. due to the hapless communicating between me and my siblings or parents, I ever keep quiet when taking dinner with them or household years s. Furthermore, I born from a household that concern traditional right and subjects, therefore, I remain quiet in order to avoid speaking something incorrect. From twelvemonth to twelvemonth, I non much interact with my household members, hence, this leads them to misconstruing about my personality and disagreed on me being an extravert, which I truly felt that I am.Section A: Part 2: Deduction for calling pickLifelong acquisitionLifelong acquisition is a really critical portion in our life, with cognition, we are able to happen a good occupation, and stronger our place in the present competition state or occupation market. Besides that, cognition can construct up a positive mode and attitude to everyone. Therefore, we know how to take attention of each other ‘s or construct a good relationship with them. Alongside, the figure of grade graduated per twelvemonth was increasing quickly, that is the ground why the present occupation market is so competitory presents, and many com pany or organisation are traveling to use employees who keeping First category or Second category grade certification, while, we know that cognition was moving a really of import function for everyone and it ‘s basically applicable to everyone in the universe today. I need to use my cognition smartly in my life, and besides need to heighten my cognition base every bit much as I can. Knowles ( 1981 ) defined that acquisition is a womb-to-tomb procedure, it can last until the twenty-four hours we left the universe, we supposed to pass our leisure clip to deriving more cognition is better than merely remaining place for kiping or woolgathering. I am wholly agree with this account. Different stage of life was carry out a different womb-to-tomb acquisition manner, before we learn, we must clearly understand how of import of womb-to-tomb acquisition, how it actuate us and how it alter our subject. Besides that, Robotham ( 1995, cites at thorson,2005, p78 ) suggested that homo should preparatory to larn in their initial phase ; hence, we have to guarantee the instruction manner was suit to the stage of homo. For illustration, kids may non accept the instruction manners of grownups. In other manner, we have to put the mission or vision for ourselves, therefore we merely able to heighten our larning motive. We ca n't populate under a environment without larning or motive. Harmonizing to the consequence of Myer Briggs and BELBIN trial, I able to judge myself is a womb-to-tomb scholar since I am a individual who like to research chances and extravert ever. I plan to take maestro classs after finishing my degree plan, and enter into banking industry. Bank will offer a batch of developing class to their staff, hence, I plan to go a banker due to this ground, and I am able to update myself ever without knock out by the new coevals. Alongside, it is a best opportunity which let me to derive more cognition and better my communicating accomplishments among people. Wlodkowski ( 1999, cited at Klingensmith, 2006 ) states that â€Å" high degree of motive to larn for the grownups produces the higher acquisition consequences, the public presentation achieved † Lifelong acquisition is one of the best manner for me to heighten myself and develop good in my calling. Everyone has different larning manner or different manner to get cognition, therefore we must take a right manner of larning which suit us the most. Besides that, I will get cognition through many different sort of manner i.e. I will seek to do more friends from different civilization or different states, so that we can larn each other civilization and values. My read/write facet is non good plenty, so I have to better my read/write accomplishments and use my reading/writing accomplishments to understand what I read across assorted texts. Following, I do non excessively rely on those cognition or information that I had, I try to be unfastened minded and accept the new information. Group treatment is the other best manner for me to larning and get cognition, I sharing sentiment with my group mates, this is the manner for me to accept others sentiments and advice and besides help me in constructing up my cognition and trust between each others. I learned to copy the positive attitude or behaviour that I every had from others. Harmonizing to the Myer-Briggs trial, I more incline to Extrovert, I take the advantages on it and convey it into my womb-to-tomb acquisition, and seek to construct myself go a autonomous scholar. I plan to do more friend who older than me, therefore, I can derive more things and existent experience from them. For illustration, I observe how a director or a leader perform in a company, how they lead a squad become successful. A company screen by a batch of different types personality people, I use the opportunity to do more different personality type of friends and assisting those people who introverts since I am a individual who introverts earlier. In order to do certain the work can running under a harmoniousness environment, I learn to accept people sentiment, and constructing up the good relationship with everyone around me.Movable Sk illsIn order to do certain I can to the full accommodate into my future calling occupation, I would wish to heighten all my accomplishments invariably, hence I can force my-self to the soap and accomplish the best public presentation in the occupation. How to go a successful bank director in banking industry? In order to managing the occupation efficaciously, communicating accomplishments, leading accomplishments and composing accomplishments. Those accomplishments was playing a really of import function from clip to clip. Banking industry is one of the biggest industry in the universe today. Many of the international bank like HSBC Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, CITIBANK, Barclays Bank, they have a immense figure of client from different states. So the accomplishments of authorship, computing machine accomplishments, and Foreign linguistic communication is really of import. We are traveling to except by the industry if we do non hold the sufficient accomplishments. Furthermore, as a bank director may confront a plentifulness clients every twenty-four hours, hence, I must be better my communicating accomplishments, so that I find it easy while communicate with client or people from different states. I know a different sort of linguistic communications such as Citrus reticulata, Cantonese, Malay, English, Nipponese etc, hence, I am able to pass on with different type of clients, and do more friends. Additionally, communicating accomplishments was of import for certain, hence, I besides need to better my authorship accomplishment, interpersonal accomplishments, and so-on. Harmonizing to the trial I took, I have good sociableness accomplishments, high motivate accomplishment and leading accomplishment. It was average that I can construct a strong relationship with my client and co-worker. Once one become a Bank director, I will set a batch of attempt to go a successful banker director, and I want to distribute my cognition and my accomplishments to my staff and lead my squad go stronger and stronger. This station needs a really strong leading accomplishments, be aftering accomplishments, motive accomplishments, and communicating accomplishments, acquiring more concern from the clients, create a batch of new selling schemes to pull more client and maximise the net incomes of the bank. I will use my accomplishments, cognition, and experience sagely that I had in order to full adapt into the occupation place.Justify choose calling pickI will be after to prosecute my calling in International Banking industry after graduating with a grade in Business with international direction at Northumbria University. My occupation is needed a batch of accomplishments and cognition, so womb-to-tomb larning automatically go a really of import portion in my life, I ca n't even halt it, because I need the updated knowledge/information and latest accomplishments to managing my future occupation efficaciously. I pick two occupation advertizement ( see APENDIX 4 ) . The occupation advertizement that I found was clearly states the minimal demand, the item information of the occupation and where is the location of the occupation. In the advertizement, the Team gross revenues director must be possess at least a Bachelor ‘s Degree. Besides, the campaigner should be hold gross revenues experience in retail industry before. The campaigner are required to hold good communicating, motivation, taking and selling accomplishments. Additionally, the campaigner are required to Develop and keep a good web of concern contact and besides guarantee the gross revenues mark are met ever. On the other custodies, the advertizement states that the campaigner must hold the ability to take, motivate, and coach a gross revenues squad. The applicant must be flexible to be shifted countrywide, work in a group, therefore, good communicating accomplishments and taking accomplishments was become the compulsory needs within this occupation. The bank director are encourage to hold good harmonisation because bank director is the who traveling to go to meeting with different section largely. Standard Chartered Bank has provided preparation classs and banking operations oversea short classs to candidate for understanding more item about the merchandise of the SCB, and the regulations and ordinance, so that the director are encouraged to be flexible. In order to pull more client and take the squad become successful, the director are required being to extrovert ever. The squad sale director hopefully able to working under force per unit area, since I ‘m a individual who extrovert, sociableness, hence, I believed I will suit good to this place and able to use my strengths in this occupation. Additionally, BELBIN trial consequence shows that I am a resource research worker, who loves to research chances and develop contacts. Therefore, I can carry through most of the demand as stated by the occupation description in the occupation advertizement.DecisionFinally, after I being done the three trials, I know my personality, my accomplishments, and my learning manner, and besides learned how to better my failings. since I plan my calling and life, I must be put a batch of attempt to do my dream come true, and besides maintain the attitude of womb-to-tomb larning until terminal of my life or directing the of import message about the of import of womb-to-tomb acquisition to my future household members.

“Letter to Daniel” by Fergal Keane Essay

Task: â€Å"Non fiction is seldom objective. Often it sways your feelings or influences your thoughts.† By referring closely to a work of non-fiction, show how the writer does more than simply convey information. Often non fiction tries to convey emotion and thought rather than simply providing information in order to move the reader. A piece of non fiction which has had a lasting impression on me is â€Å"Letter to Daniel† by the Irish foreign correspondent, Fergal Keane. This piece of writing is written in the form of a letter in which Keane has put across moving reflections about his first child’s birth. To show the strong and great effect his son has brought upon himself and his wife, Keane uses certain techniques such as rich imagery, sentence structure, tone, theme and a personal style of writing to convey his thoughts and feelings. Firstly, Keane immediately makes it clear to me that he is writing in the form of a letter when he begins writing with the phrase â€Å"My dear son†. He then describes to his son how his birth has altered and changed his lifestyle; â€Å"I’m learning the art of one handed typing† This shows that since Daniel was born, Keane has been learning to cope with new things. However by describing the task as an â€Å"art† the writer shows that he doesn’t mind this new way of living. He further describes the idea that Daniel has changed the way he lives by explaining that; â€Å"Since you’ve arrived, days have melted into night and back again and we are learning a new grammar, a long sentence whose punctuation marks are feeding and winding and nappy changing and these occasional moments of quiet.† This extended metaphor caught my attention because it compares the birth of his son to a long sentence and there is also irony in the metaphor as this sentence is long. It relates to his sons birth as a stage of development in his life and shows that time has lost its differenciated routine. The word choice of â€Å"melted† conveys a feeling of warmth and gentleness which shows that Keane is in no way angry because of this new routine and is enjoying it. Keane also shows the change in his way of living when he explains that his mother is asleep. It is six o’clock in the morning which is one of the most peaceful times of the day. It is the beginning of a new day and I think this relates to the beginning of Keane’s family. The birth of Daniel has also resulted in Keane seeing his job differently; â€Å"Your coming has turned me upside down and inside out†¦I have lived a life that, on occasion, has veered close to the edge: war zones, natural disasters, darkness in all its shapes and forms† The word choice of â€Å"coming† gives me the idea that he has waited and wanted for him, and now that he has finally arrived his whole world has been turned upside down. He looks on things differently now and Daniel has caused him to re-evaluate the risks he has taken as a reporter. I feel that the writer’s use of imagery to convey information helps me to understand his thoughts and emotions throughout the letter. The writer also helps to convey emotion and feelings throughout the letter by using an appropriate tone. I can see that Keane uses a personal tone at first as he uses words such as â€Å"you† and â€Å"I† repeatedly. This emphasises the sincerity of his letter and helps to convey his thoughts and emotions. However his tone changes to a more formal one when he begins to describe the disasters and darkness that he has faced as a reporter. He contrasts his child’s actions with these disasters and I can see this through the writer’s wordchoice. He describes his son with gentle and innocent images such as â€Å"sleeping face† â€Å"sigh† â€Å"gurgle† â€Å"glory† â€Å"prizes† and â€Å"praise†. He then shows the difference between his child’s innocence and the suffering that he has seen by using the words â€Å"haunted† â€Å"too much to bear† and â€Å"flooding†. This suggests that his change from a personal tone to a more formal tone is because the memories of suffering and the disastrous images are too much for the writer to bear. Therefore he resorts to listing his experiences and becomes less intimate. He changes his tone because he wants to report it in order to detatch himself from the memories. He describes the last story as being a very personal one, however when he goes on to tell it, is tone is still very formal. The story is anonymous and Keane does not reveal until near the end of the story that it was about his own family; â€Å"in a big city on a january morning with snow on the ground and a woman† The repetition of the word â€Å"a† makes me realise that the writer is being very vague in the story and is distancing himself from emotion. The fact that he tells the story anonymously seemed to have a much bigger impact on me when I realised it was about his own mother and about his own father being an alcoholic. However he shows no anger towards his father as he knows it was not his fault; â€Å"The cancer of alcoholism† He describes his fathers condition as â€Å"cancer†, in other words he sees it as a disease and knows that it could not be helped. This metaphor shows no sense of blame towards his father and also shows that it is killing him. The phrase â€Å"it just was† also gives me a sense of his acceptance of his fathers condition. He loved his family, but he was â€Å"living and dying for the bottle† and the love he had did not save him. He understands what it would have been like for his father to be separated from his family, as he now has one of his own. I think that this is why he decided to reveal that it was his father at the end of the letter. He personalised it because he now understood. He was not just â€Å"a man† anymore, he is â€Å"your grandfather†. The clever way in which the writer has used this tone makes me realise what emotions he feels. Lastly, throughout the letter the writer relates to a particular theme. This theme first becomes apparent to me when the writer uses the phrase; â€Å"Naturally your mother and I were only too happy to believe that.† His wordchoice of â€Å"naturally† gives me the idea that it is normal for a parent to believe that their child is the best thing to come into their life. It conveys the universally acknowledged theme of the love bond between parent and child. This idea is revisited throughout the letter, for example in one of the cases he describes; â€Å"I found a mother and her three young children huddled together where they’d been beaten to death. The children had died holding on to their mother†¦ cling to until we die† The wordchoice of â€Å"huddled together†, â€Å"holding† and â€Å"cling† shows the sacred image between mother and child. He also conveys this idea when he is writing about his mother; â€Å"she gives birth to a baby boy and, just as you are to me, he is the best thing she has ever seen† The parenthesis here is also useful in conveying this universal theme of love. It also acts as a link in the story because I can see that he is beginning to realise the joy his mother felt when he was born. However, one quotation I feel shows this boundless parental love that transcends all borders is; â€Å"That instinct we all learn from birth and in one way or another cling to until we die.† This I feel is one of the most moving sentences in the story and helps me to recognise Keane’s universal message of the love bond between parent and child. Daniel has given Keane an understanding of his own father, and at the very end of the letter he describes his son as â€Å"the sound of hope† and uses wordchoice such has â€Å"innoncence† and â€Å"freshness† to show the stark contrast between his child’s innocence and the darkness that he previously described. I feel that Keane’s choice of theme throughout the letter is very important in conveying his emotions at this time as it shows how important his son is to him. In conclusion, â€Å"Letter to Daniel† by Fergal Keane is one of the most touching and moving short stories I have ever read. The writer’s use of rich imagery, sentence structure, tone and theme all comes together and helps to convey the writer’s thoughts and emotions. He provides the necessary information and also paints vivid pictures of his emotions and if Keane had not used such strong ideas and techniques throughout the letter I am not sure it would have had the same enduring effect on me.

What Made Hatshepsut a Great Leader?

Throughout history, men typically dominated societies. Men have always appeared to have more respect and rights than women, depending on certain civilizations. In societies like Egypt, men were frequently pharaohs and today, are considered to be great rulers. Women were often expected to take the job of motherhood in Egyptian society. Although this was their anticipated responsibility, women, usually upper class and royal, were still permitted to get an education, to possess property, own businesses, have a job and be involved in military control.Women could also rule as pharaoh, which was an infrequent occurrence but did sometimes happen. Hatshepsut, for example, is one of the few women who became a pronounced leader in the ancient world. Her father, Thutmose I, was her mentor and therefore led her to success. Through the teachings of her father and educational schooling, she was destined to be a great ruler from a very early age. She learned many important tactics of ruling from Th utmose and many similarities regarding the success of their reign could be distinguished.Besides the guidance she had, her vivid personality, ambition and creative ideas reflected in art, policies and architecture made her ruling successful as she strived to achieve ma ‘at and legitimize her power as a female ruler. Although Thutmose IV attempted to carve her out of history, these circumstances made Hatshepsut’s greatness possible, as she is known as the first great female ruler in history today. Hatshepsut had many attributes about her that her siblings did not obtain. She had excellent health, a hasty mind and her father’s vigor.These qualities made her stand out and were indications that Hatshepsut was always her father’s favorite, even in her young age. She grew up under her father’s personal guidance as he was preparing her for rule. His teachings were as harsh as he would have ordered for a son, again Ancient Egypt: The Case of marking his fai th in Hatshepsut. She was trained to show respect to her parents, listen to them at all times and to respect her elders. She was taught etiquette such as to speak gently, eat gracefully, and groom herself properly.She was also taught the main prayers that are recited to the gods, which was part of the religious teachings for a royal child. She was well educated as she learned to write originally on slate and then with ink on papyrus. She had to learn all the six hundred phonetic signs. It was vital for Hatshepsut to learn the signs because it would allow her to communicate with her correspondents if she ever came to power. During Thutmose’s rule he was effective in not only war, as he was a successful warrior who re-conquered Nubia, but in peace. Egypt was thriving with progress under Thutmose.Agriculture, trade and mining were advancing rapidly as well as advancements in architecture, literature and art. One of Thutmose’s passions was building as he carried out many b uilding projects. Hatshepsut takes notice of this, as her building projects are a vital part of the greatness of her reign. His kingdom was organized and successful as the laws of ma ‘at and Thutmose’s officials kept stability. The system had developed and progressed through out one thousand years. To Hatshepsut, his ways of ruling were flawless and indestructible, which is why she later uses the same style of leadership.But in reality, Egypt was waiting for her, as she was being prepared to rule her whole life. Thutmose had given Egypt the motivation to grow, and she was always part of that. She stood by him throughout his ruler ship, gaining all the knowledge she could, which ultimately leads to her success. By a lesser wife Hatshepsut’s father and mentor, Thutmose had a son, Thutmose II. Hatshepsut married her second brother, Thutmose II, in which she gained the title â€Å"Kings daughter, Kings sister, Gods wife, and Kings great wife. † She bore him on e daughter, but no sons.After thirteen years on the throne Thutmose II died unexpectedly; the crown was passed to Thutmose III, his son born to the concubine Isis. The new king was still an infant and Isis was not considered adequately royal to act as the pharaoh. Therefore, Hatshepsut was summoned to rule on behalf of her stepson. Thutmose was crowned king but until the day Hatshepsut was deceased, the king had to compete with his stepmother-aunt. At first she acted as an advisor to the king, but being Hatshepsut was close to the throne all of her life, felt that â€Å"she had the most royal power as well as the purest royal blood in her veins. After a few years passed, Hatshepsut presumed the Double crown and made herself king. Hatshepsut had a strong and vibrant personality and intended to overshadow her half brother as well as her husband. Thutmose III was still known as co ruler, but he remained in the background. There were many difficulties regarding her gender when she firs t came into rule, but it did not hinder her greatness. The inscription cutters often made mistakes as all the royal titles were in male form. She had to legitimize herself as female ruler, as she often did through art and statues.In ancient Egypt, literacy was most commonly found among the upper class. Throughout the other social classes, literacy was rare. Therefore visuals were used by the government to inform the people and were often used as a form of propaganda. These images included monuments, sculptures and reliefs. Their purpose was to influence the public to obey the king and so that they would recognize that the king had the divine right to rule. As consort, Hatshepsut had been pleased to be represented in visuals as a traditional Egyptian woman. Hatshepsut herself affirmed that she was the most gorgeous woman in the world.Therefore, while in the position of consort, she was shown as a woman or as a woman wearing clothing associated with masculinity and being king. Two lim estone statues that have been retrieved from her famous temple, the Deir el-Bahari, display Hatshepsut dressed in the conventional head cloth and kilt worn by a king. But her physical characteristics such as a â€Å"rounded, feminine, un-bearded face, and feminine body with breasts and an indented waist† represent her femininity. As king, it was necessary for her to create an image that would establish her new role as pharaoh, while separating herself from the position of consort.In her transformation into king, she is depicted as fully masculine with the figure, clothing and accessories of man while performing male rituals. It is assumed that Hatshepsut knew her role as pharaoh could be considered unsubstantiated because of her gender and through the unusual notion in which she acquired the throne. â€Å"It seems that it is the appearance of the king that matters rather than her actual gender; it was important to Egyptians that she use the conventional iconography of power and locate herself firmly within a long history of dynamic rule. † She â€Å"reinvented herself† by portraying herself as a male pharaoh.Hatshepsut displayed this concept through statues and visuals to gain the support of the people and legitimize her power. Another way Hatshepsut â€Å"reinvented herself† to assert her power was by renaming herself Maatkare. The most important word in Hatshepsut’s new name was â€Å"maat. † Ma ‘at is an ancient Egyptian expression that refers to a pharaoh keeping Egypt in order and â€Å"preserving stability of the universe†, as ordered by the gods. Prolonging ma ‘at to guarantee the success and solidity of Egypt demanded an accredited ruler who could communicate directly with the gods.By calling herself Maatkare, Hatshepsut claimed her power as a qualified ruler on the throne. A way in which pharaohs ensured ma ‘at was by constructing monuments and building projects throughout the empire. Hatshepsut followed in her father’s footsteps as a builder and carried out some of the most impressive building projects, more ambitious than any pharaoh before her. She had a strong policy of rebuilding and restoring destroyed monuments around the empire. Through these public works projects, she built systems of important religious roads and temples.Her most famous and impressive temple was the Dier el-Bahari and is consider as one of the â€Å"architectural wonders of the ancient world†. It was a multi-purpose sanctuary with many memorials dedicated to an assortment of gods in the upper level. The lower level contained beautiful gardens and pools. The walls were decorated with massive pictures of the pharaoh proposing offerings to different gods, which ensured that she would have an incredible after life. It proved her devotion and contact with the gods, again confirming her legitimacy. Her temple walls also had depictions of her accomplishments during her supremacy. Included on these walls, was the success of her trading expedition to Punt. Hatshepsut also went about achieving ma’at in ways regarding her trading policies, another tactic in which she learned from Thutmose, as trade strived under his rule. She sent out voyages to Lebanon for wood, boosted utilization of copper and turquoise mines in Sinai, and accomplished a prosperous trading journey to Punt. Punt was an East African trading center and was a site for unusual items such as â€Å"precious resins, curious wild animals and the ever desirable ebony, ivory and gold† (page 100).Hatshepsut’s diplomat Neshy sailed with a small but well equipped army on a dangerous route to Punt. The pictures on the temple walls describe a variety of goods being traded and that after, Neshy returned home safely in triumph. In this case Hatshepsut used the military for trade, but she also used it to carry out several effective military movements. She is known as a great warrior like he r great grandmother, Ahhotep, and her father Thutmose. She used military campaigns to protect Egypt and eliminate the threats of foreigners from the south and east.These actions helped ensure that Hatshepsut’s ruling would be a time of peace and prosperity, just like her father before, and that it was. After 22 years of successful ruling, Hatshepsut dies. Thutmose III, now of age, was free to rule by himself. Near the end of Thutmose III’s rule, he tried to delete Hatshepsut from history. He carves her name and pictures out of artwork. At the Deir el-Bahari many statues and monuments of her are taken down, destroyed and then buried. Although it is apparent that he tried to erase her, it is not certain why this happened.It is assumed that Thutmose was an unenthusiastic co-regent and extremely angry that Hatshepsut stole the throne from him. Egyptologists suppose that it was a â€Å"damanatio meoriae† meaning the intentional deletion of a person’s identity, which would lead to a horrid after life. In the end, Thutmose III was not successful in permanently removing Hatshepsut from history. By the 19th century, the hieroglyphics had been interpreted and the truth about Hatshepsut’s reign was shed to light. Hatshepsut was a great ruler and there are many aspects from which her greatness derived.Not only did her father, Thutmose, instruct and mentor her but also she was extremely intelligent and well educated. She took the ideas and policies of Thutmose’s reign, and applied them into her own. Her bright personality and ambition to achieve ma ‘at through trade and building projects allowed her empire to strive. She displayed herself in visuals and statues, and even sometimes dressed like a man, to legitimize her power and gain the support of the people. She is considered the first great female ruler of Egypt and is an important and exemplary part of history today. ——————— ———————– 1 ]. Hilliard, Kristina, and Kate Wurtzel. 2009. â€Å"Power and Gender in Hatshepsut. † Art Education 62, no. 3: 25-31. [ 2 ]. Evelyn Wells, Hatshepsut (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1969) p 16-91 [ 3 ]. Jacquetta Hawkes, Pharaohs of Egypt (New York: American Heritage Pub. Co. ,1965) p 58 : Joyce Tyldesley, Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt (New York, NY: Thames & Hudson, 2006), p 92-106 [ 4 ]. Hilliard, Kristina, and Kate Wurtzel. 2009. â€Å"Power and Gender in Hatshepsut. † Art Education 62, no. 3: 25-31 : Coffin, Judith, Robert Stacey, Joshua Cole, and Carol Symes. Western Civilizations. Vol. 1. (New York, NY: W. W.Morton & Company, 2011) p 42-43 : Joyce Tyldesley, Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt (New York, NY: Thames & Hudson, 2006), p 92-106 : Wilson, Elizabeth B. 2006. â€Å"The Queen Who Would Be King. † Smithsonian 37, no. 6: 80-87. [ 5 ]. Wilson, Elizabeth B. 2006. â€Å"The Queen Who Wou ld Be King. † Smithsonian 37, no. 6: 80-87 : Joyce Tyldesley, Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt (New York, NY: Thames & Hudson, 2006), p 92-106 [ 6 ]. Joyce Tyldesley, Chronicles of the Queens of Egypt (New York, NY: Thames & Hudson, 2006), p 92-106 [ 7 ]. Joyce Tyldesley, Chronicles of the Queens of Egypt (New York, NY: Thames & Hudson, 2006), p 92-106

Economy of the Philippines Essay

The Economy of the Philippines is the 43rd largest in the world, according to 2011 World Bank statistics and it is also one of the emerging markets in the world.[24] According to the CIA Factbook, the estimated 2011 GDP (purchasing power parity) was 391.1 billion.[5] Goldman Sachs estimates that by the year 2050, it will be the 14th largest economy in the world, Goldman Sachs also included the Philippines in its list of the Next Eleven economies. HSBC projects the Philippine economy to become the 16th largest economy in the world, 5th largest economy in Asia and the largest economy in the South East Asian region by 2050.[25] Primary exports include semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, and fruits. Major trading partners include the United States, Japan, China, Singapore, South Korea, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Germany, Taiwan, and Thailand. As a newly industrialized country, the Philippine economy has been transitioning from one based on agriculture to one based more on services and manufacturing. The Philippines is one of the Tiger Cub Economies in Southeast Asia together with Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Contents| Macroeconomic trends See also: Economy of Asia, Economic history of the Philippines (1973–1986), Post-EDSA macroeconomic history of the Philippines, and Economic Crisis and Response in the Philippines The Philippine economy has been growing steadily over decades and the International Monetary Fund in 2011 reported it as the 45th largest economy in the world. However its growth has been behind that of many of its Asian neighbors, the so-called Asian Tigers, nor is it a part of the Group of 20 nations. Instead it is often grouped in a second tier of emerging markets or of newly industrialized countries. Depending upon the analyst, this second tier can go by the name the Next Eleven or the Tiger Cub Economies. It has not suffered from the downturn in the world economy that began in 2007. A chart of selected statistics showing trends in the gross domestic product of the Philippines using data taken from the International Monetary Fund. Composition by sector As a newly industrialized country, the Philippines is still an economy with a large agricultural sector; however, services have come to dominate the economy.[citation needed] Much of the industrial sector is based on processing and assembly operations in the manufacturing of electronics and other high-tech components, usually from foreign multinational corporations. Filipinos who go aboard to work–-known as Overseas Filipino Workers or OFWs—are a significant contributor to the economy but are not reflected in the below sectoral discussion of the domestic economy. [edit] Agriculture The agriculture sector makes up 12% of the GDP and employs 33% of the workforce. The type of activity ranges from small subsistence farming and fishing to large commercial ventures with significant export focus, such as major multinational corporations like Dole Food Company and Del Monte Foods. The Philippines is the world’s largest producer of coconuts producing 19,500,000 tonnes in 2009. Coconut production in the Philippines is generally concentrated in medium-sized farms.[30] By 1995, the production of coconut in the Philippines had experienced a 6.5% annual growth and later surpassed Indonesia in total output in the world.[31] The Philippines is also the world’s largest producer of pineapples, with 2,198 thousand metric tons.[32] Rice Production in the Philippines is important to the food supply in the country and economy. The country is the 8th largest rice producer in the world, accounting for 2.8% of global rice production.[33] However, the country is also the w orld’s largest rice importer in 2010.[34] Rice is the most important food crop, a staple food in most of the country. It is produced extensively in Luzon, the Western Visayas, Southern Mindanao, and Central Mindanao. Shipbuilding and repair The Philippines is a major player in the global shipbuilding industry with shipyards in Subic, Cebu, General Santos City and Batangas.[35][36] It became the fourth largest shipbuilding nation in 2010.[37][38] Subic-made cargo vessels are now exported to countries where shipping operators are based. South Korea’s Hanjin started production in Subic in 2007 of the 20 ships ordered by German and Greek shipping operators.[39] The country’s shipyards are now building ships like bulk carriers, container ships and big passenger ferries. General Santos’ shipyard is mainly for ship repair and maintenance.[40] Being surrounded by waters, the country has abundant natural deep-sea ports ideal for development as production, construction and repair sites. On top of the current operating shipyards, two additional shipyards in Misamis Oriental and Cagayan province are being expanded to support future locators. It has a vast manpower pool of 60,000 certified welders that comprise the bulk of workers in shipbuilding. In the ship repair sector, the Navotas complex in Metro Manila is expected to accommodate 96 vessels for repair.[41] Â  Automotive The ABS used in Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Volvo cars are made in the Philippines. Ford,[42] Toyota,[43] Mitsubishi, Nissan and Honda are the most prominent automakers manufacturing cars in the country.[citation needed] Kia and Suzuki produce small cars in the country. Isuzu also produces SUVs in the country. Honda and Suzuki produce motorcycles in the country. A 2003 Canadian market research report predicted that further investments in this sector were expected to grow in the following years. Toyota sells the most vehicles in the country.[44] By 2011, China’s Chery Automobile company is going to build their assembly plant in Laguna, that will serve and export cars to other countries in the region if monthly sales would reach 1,000 units.[45] Â  Aerospace Aerospace products in the Philippines are mainly for the export market and include manufacturing parts for aircraft built by both Boeing and Airbus. British company MOOG, is the biggest aerospace manufacturer with base in Baguio in the Cordillera region. The company produces aircraft actuators in their manufacturing facility. Another British company British Aerospace is to open manufacturing facility in southern Philippines for the manufacture of galleys used in aircraft cabin.[46] In 2011, the total export output of aerospace products in the Philippines reached US $3 billion.[47] Electronics Intel has been in the Philippines for 28 years as a major producer of products, including the Pentium 4 processor. A Texas Instruments plant in Baguio has been operating for 20 years and is the largest producer of DSP chips in the world.[48] Texas Instruments’ Baguio plant produces all the chips used in Nokia cell phones and 80% of chips used in Ericsson cell phones in the world.[49] Until 2005, Toshiba laptops were produced in Santa Rosa, Laguna. Presently the Philippine plant’s focus is in the production of hard disk drives. Printer manufacturer Lexmark has a factory in Mactan in the Cebu region. Â  Mining and extraction The country is rich with mineral and geothermal energy resources. In 2003, it produced 1931 MW of electricity from geothermal sources (27% of total electricity production), second only to the United States,[50] and a recent discovery of natural gas reserves in the Malampaya oil fields off the island of Palawan is already being used to generate electricity in three gas-powered plants. Philippine gold, nickel, copper and chromite deposits are among the largest in the world. Other important minerals include silver, coal, gypsum, and sulphur. Significant deposits of clay, limestone, marble, silica, and phosphate exist. About 60% of total mining production are accounted for by non-metallic minerals, which contributed substantially to the industry’s steady output growth between 1993 and 1998, with the value of production growing 58%. In 1999, however, mineral production declined 16% to $793 million.[citation needed] Mineral exports have generally slowed since 1996. Led by copper cathodes, Philippine mineral exports amounted to $650 million in 2000, barely up from 1999 levels. Low metal prices, high production costs, lack of investment in infrastructure, and a challenge to the new mining law have contributed to the mining industry’s overall decline.[citation needed] The industry rebounded starting in late 2004 when the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of an important law permitting foreign ownership of Philippines mining companies.[citation needed] However, the DENR has yet to approve the revised Department Administrative Order (DAO) that will provide the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Financial and Technical Assistance Agreement (FTAA), the specific part of the 1994 Mining Act that allows 100% foreign ownership of Philippines mines.[citation needed] Offshoring and outsourcing According to an IBM Global Location Trends Annual Report, as of December 2010[update] the Philippines has surpassed India as the world leader in business process outsourcing.[51][52] The majority of the top ten BPO firms of the United States operate in the Philippines.[citation needed] Total jobs in the industry grew to 100,000 and total revenues were placed at $960 million for 2005. In 2012, BPO sector employment ballooned to over 700,000 people and is contributing to a growing middle class. BPO facilities are located mainly in Metro Manila and Cebu City although other regional areas such as Baguio, Bacolod, Cagayan de Oro, Clark Freeport Zone, Dagupan, Davao City, Legazpi, Dumaguete, Lipa, Iloilo City, and CamSur are now being promoted and developed for BPO operations. Call centers began in the Philippines as plain providers of email response and managing services and is now a major source of employment. Call center services include customer relations, ranging from travel services, technical support, education, customer care, financial services, online business to customer support, and online business to business support. Business process outsourcing (BPO) is regarded as one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The Philippines is also considered as location of choice due to its less expensive operational and labor costs and high proficiency in spoken English and highly educated labor pool. In 2011, the business process outsourcing industry in the Philippines generated 700 thousand jobs[53] and some US$11 billion in revenue,[54] 24 percent higher than 2010. By 2016, the industry is projected to reach US$27.4 billion in revenue with employment generation to almost double at 1.3 million workers.[55]

A Pulse Oximeter

This article is therefore intended for the occasional user of pulse oximetry. * Pulse oximeters. Measure the arterial oxygen saturation of haemoglobin. The technology involved is complicated but there are two basic physical principles. First, the absorption of light at two different wavelengths by hemoglobin differs depending on the degree of oxygenation of hemoglobin. Second, the light signal following transmission through the tissues has a pulsatile component, resulting from the changing volume of arterial blood with each pulse beat. This can be distinguished by the microprocessor from the non-pulsatile component resulting from venous, capillary and tissue light absorption. Function of a Pulse Oximeter * The function of a pulse oximeter is affected by many variables, including: ambient light; shivering; abnormal hemoglobins; pulse rate and rhythm; vasoconstriction and cardiac function. A pulse oximeter gives no indication of a patients ventilation, only of their oxygenation, and thus can give a false sense of security if supplemental oxygen is being given. In addition, there may be a delay between the occurrence of a potentially hypoxic event such as respiratory obstruction and a pulse oximeter detecting low oxygen saturation. However, oximetry is a useful non-invasive monitor of a patients cardio-respiratory system, which has undoubtedly improved patient safety in many circumstances.   Pulse Oximeter as part of an anesthetic machine * A portable desktop unit * A finger/mobile pulse Oximeter Indications COPD disease pulse oximetry is useful in stable patients with severe and in patients with worsening symptoms or other signs of an acute exacerbation, as a tool for patients to use at home to assist with their management * Asthma pulse oximetry complements peak flow meters in assessing the severity of asthma attacks/exacerbations and response to a treatment. * Acute respiratory infection pulse oximetry is useful in evaluating the severity of the illness and, in conjunction with other criteria, determining whether and how to refer pa tients for further treatment. What does a Pulse Oximeter Give? Nursing Responsibilities * Pulse oximetry offers an easy and non-invasive measurement of oxygen saturation, but has limitations and practice considerations that every nurse should be aware of. * Oxygen saturation (SpO2) is a measurement of the percentage of hemoglobin molecules carrying a full load of oxygen. Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) absorbs more infrared light than red light, while deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) absorbs more red light. By comparing the relative amounts of different light absorbed, the oxygen saturation (SpO2) can be determined. However, there are some possible causes of erroneous readings: †¢Ã‚  Motion artifact: Movement (shivering or tremors) or improper fit of the sensor can cause erroneously low readings. †¢Ã‚  Hypotension (due to cardiac arrhythmias, blood loss or peripheral vascular disease) and peripheral vasoconstriction (caused by hypothermia, smoking or sickle cell disease) can alter readings. Smoke inhalation or carbon monoxide poisoning can cause high levels of arboxyhemoglobin and also skew pulse oximetry readings.   Response delay: A technical limitation that requires additional time to detect hypoxemia (SpO2  less than 90 percent). The length of delay can be affected by poor sensor site perfusion and vasoactive drugs. * Sensors are sized according to weight and it is important to select the correct size to avoid reading errors.

The Civil Partnership Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Civil Partnership Act - Essay Example The Act is therefore a landmark legislation in elevating the legal status of same sex relationships to that close to heterosexual marriages. However, while it is undeniable that the Act is a step in the right direction, it is doubtful whether it can actually achieve the objective it was set out to fulfil - to eliminate the discrimination and injustice suffered by same sex relationships within society. Prior to the Civil Partnership Act 2004, same sex relationships in the United Kingdom simply do not have the legal status given to marriages. The Family Law Act 1996 under s 62 §1, for example, limits the definition of cohabitants to â€Å"a man or a woman living together as husband and wife.† The Local Government Act 1988 also provides a similar definition in defining same sex relationships as â€Å"pretended family relationships† under section 28, indicating a lack of recognition both from a legal and social point of view. As a result, same sex relationships have been discriminated