Reaction time of visual response

Reaction time of visual response Data Collection and Processing In this experiment, the reaction time of visual and tactile response has been investigated by measuring how both hands reacted when eyes were open and then when eyes were closed. For a better comparison of the two, the averages have been compared as well. The rulers centimetres have been turned into time counted in seconds using the formula; Observations The tactile responses where faster to visual stimuli presented As time passed, the reflexes where becoming reasonably slower, however, at some point, it was easy to expect when the other student would let go of the ruler due to the many trials. Using the measurements obtained from the above tables, graphs have been organised so as to better comprehend the outcomes of this experiment. Observations; In general, the right hand seems to have a faster response to tactile stimulation than visual one. Some values seem to not comply with the rest of them, probably due to the existence of other factors affecting the outcome of the experiment. Observations; In general, the left hand seems to have a faster response to visual stimulation than tactile one. Some values seem to not comply again with the rest of them, probably due to the existence of other factors affecting the outcome of the experiment. Overall, the tactile responses seem to be faster than the visual ones, dependent nevertheless from factors such as left-handedness and/or right-handedness. Observations; The left hand had a faster response to the visual stimuli compared to the right hand Observations; The right hand had a faster response to tactile stimuli than the left hand. Bearing the previous observations into consideration, a relation could be made between different parts of processing the stimuli (spinal cord and brain) and the reactions of each of the hands and hence the brains functioning. From the graphs, it becomes evident that tactile responses are faster than the visual ones. Furthermore, from the averages, we can conclude that the two hands much varied in their performance of the visual and tactile responses. It has also been observed that some of the values do not comply with the general tendency of the other results, thus indicating the existence of other, uncontrolled, factors affecting the results. Conclusion and Evaluation As our literary sources command, the main function of our nervous system is the coordination of rapid responses to stimuli, including reflexes. A stimulus is a change in the environment which is detected by receptors. Once perceived by the organism, a certain response is elicited and a change in the organism occurs. In this experiment, we investigated the speed of a humans response to tactile and visual stimuli. The findings of this experiment agree to the fact that our tactile responses (performed with closed eyes) are considerably faster from our visual responses (performed with the eyes open). This happens because the signal transmitted from the sensory neurons of our eyes is directly processed by our brain, whereas the signal received from our skin, as the feeling of touch, is processed at the spinal cord and are involved with the local segmental reflexes. As the results of this experiment agree to the general knowledge given from various other literary sources, it can be characterized as reliable. Despite the many efforts to control for the confounding variables which might affect the very outcome of the experiment, some values have been observed to not comply with the general rule, generated by the rest of them. A number of factors could be responsible for this. In order to make the measurements of height, a ruler has been used, causing the possibility of error to rise. The possible error that might have been involved is that of a 0.05cm At times, the ruler was not caught at all by the participant and the trial was repeated until a positive number was achieved. It could be argued though that these times are important as well since the inability to react fast could be thought of as a visual or tactile response. External factors might have affected the results of this experiment. Even though it was conducted in a laboratory, noise or distraction could have occurred due to the other classmates. Ways to improve the methodology of the experiment A control of the external confounding variables, such as noise, could help the experiment acquire more focused results. A more precise ruler could have been used A second verification of the data would be beneficial to the better support of the results found. It would also be good if more participants were used as well. The participants to this study should not be aware of the theoretical points in biology, which would affect their performance due to biases. Future work Suggested future work, related to this study and its theoretical points, could involve the study of how fast a message is transported through the nervous system or how can this speed be affected by variables such as attention and stress or other neurological conditions. Moreover, individuals could be assessed with visual and tactile stimuli so as to test the different responses between the reaction time of their left and right hands, correlating the results to whether they are left-handed, ambidextrous or right-handed.

Effects of Social Networking Sites on Student’s Life. Essay

Students! The Builders of Nation ! In today’s life as the world is developing rapidly, the youth becoming stronger in each sense. The technologies are reaching at their peak. Dr. Abdul Kalam has said that India would be the ‘Developed Country’ upto 2020. He has dreamed about ‘Developed India’ which will be possible through his ‘Mission 2020’ towards India. He believes that Indian youth is the source for that dream. Mark Zuckerberg and Jack Dorsey are the two innovative people of 21st century as they have innovated social networking communication sites such as facebook and twitter respectively. Social networking sites such as facebook and twitter are few of the revolutionary inventions of decade. These are mostly popular in the college students. Actually it is proved that it is good mean of communication among them and is the best way of their time to be passed quiet easily. College students are heavy users of these sites through internet compared to the general population. It is the part of their daily communication habits. Social networking sites highly benefits students academically. The various features of different sites give flexibility to students to be a part of social level with others. Students can relate and share with those who have a common interest and ability to make connection with like-minded students, build relationships and communication among them. Social networking sites are the part of modern technology and students are making use of it in different ways. These sites help them to search material which they needs online. It makes them quite easy way to search and get the needful things. Besides this all; there are some negative effects on them as well. Students are losing in the real world by sticking to these social networking sites. The popularity of these sites increased rapidly in the last decade. This is probably due to reason that college students used it extensively to get global access. Sites like facebook and twitter have become a craze for everyone nowadays. These sites have caused potential harm to society. Students are becoming victims of such sites this is because of reason that when they are studying or searching their course material online; they get attracted to these sites to kill the burden in their study time, diverting their attention from their work. They prefer their concentration more on these sites than regular study. Students have started relying more on the information accessible easily on these sites. This reduces their learning and research capabilities. These sites cause reduction in their academic performance and concentration to study well. It reduces their communication skill with others. It also reduces command over language use and creative writing skills. Students mostly use slang words or shortened forms of words on these sites. They start relying on the computer grammar and spelling. Ultimately; it depends on each and every individual how much he involved in these kinds of things. Each individual should decide weathers it is good or bad for him. One should always pick positive things from it. It will have good advantage for him as well as his career. As we want to see ‘Developed India’; is youth in right path? As the craze of networking sites going in negative direction and increasing; the question mark on ‘Mission 2020’ is being much stronger. It’s time to think positively and taking part in transforming India.

How Economic Development In A Country Affects Planning And Management In Urban Areas

With reference to examples, discuss the degree to which the level od economic development in country affects planning and management in urban areas. The type of urban problems that require careful planning and management are largely decided by the economic wealth of a countryside. LEDC countries have problems with rapid urbanisation into the cities. However, on the other hand the problems that MEDC countries face include; suburbanisation, counter urbanisation. Urbanisation is the process in which people move to the city and start to make a home there.This is mainly happening in LEDC countries due to the lack of work in the countryside. People flood to the cities to try and find employment. Suburbanisation is the way that people move out from the central business district and out into the rural urban fringe, this mainly occurred in MEDC countries after industrialization; people had got more spare money and transport allowed them to move away from the centre of the city to the large ho uses in the suburbs. Finally, counter urbanisation is the move that people make completely away from the city and into the rural landscape.Happening primarily in the richer countries where people aspire to be away from the stress of the city when they are not working and move into the countryside. Each of these processes have their own problems that require the careful management mentioned above. Urbanisation can cause a lot of problems. When there are such a large number of people moving into the city there are not enough houses to accommodate them all. In many cases the pull factor towards the city is the prospect of work and this is not always possible.The situation that then occurs it that you have a lot of people moved to the city without any work or housing; so, they simply build their own cheap homes on the side of the main city called a slum. These slums can prevent easy excess in and out of the city; but, not only this because way that the houses are built there are no prop er facilities for the people in the slum. Disease is often a consequence of poor sanitation and crime can pervade in these areas because of the high unemployment and lack of money. It is for the benefit for everyone that  these slums are redeveloped into proper housing and sanitation.A example of how urban area need to be managed. Rocinha is the largest favela in Brazil, and is located in Rio de Janeiro's South Zone between the districts of Sao Conrado and Gavea. Rocinha is built on a steep hillside overlooking Rio de Janeiro, and is located about one kilometre from a nearby beach. Most of the favela is on a very steep hill, with many trees surrounding it. 69,161 people live in Rocinha. The authorities in Rio de Janeiro have taken a number of steps to reduce problems in favelas.They have set up self-help schemes; this is when the local authority provide local residents with the materials needs to construct permanent accommodation. This includes breeze blocks and cement. The Local residents provide the labour. The money saved can be spent on providing basic amenities such as electricity and water. Today, almost all the houses in Rocinha are made from concrete and brick. Some buildings are three and four stories tall and almost all houses have basic sanitation, plumbing, and electricity. Compared to simple shanty towns or slums, Rocinha has a better developed infrastructure.The favela also has a cable car to promote easy movement around the favela and into the main city. This was a government lead initiative. This is not the only one way that slums can be redeveloped. Government lead slum clearance is where land is bought under the residents and redeveloped into better accommodation. The other option is for the people of the slum redeveloping their own house individually making the whole area look better. The decision for which of these management options is the best is something that is decided at government level.Slums that are in a extremely bad situation a re likely to be tackled with slum clearance as it is the quickest method. Conversely, in MEDC countries slums are not such a problem because urbanisation happened many years ago after industrialisation and the country has moved on economically. The problem here is suburbanisation. The people who can move away from the central business district because it is loud and polluted but it left the unfortunate people who could not afford to move out in the CBD. This can lead to a state of urban decline.If there is a high percentage of council owned buildings the resident feel like they do not need to look after the environment because it is not their problem, graffiti and littering is a result of not caring. The situation from here can just get worse and worse and crime rates goes up and empty buildings are left unused. This process is not something that just occurs with the residents of an area, if all the people move out to the suburbs of a district the shops and facilities will either go out of business or the will soon follow into the suburbs.This does not help the process of urban decline as it means that more local people are made unemployed. A good example of where this has happened is the development of Mary hill shopping park in the west Midlands. Mary Hill has had to face the complaints of the businesses in the local centres of Solihull and Birmingham. Business have had to drive down prices to be competitive with the shopping centre with is not good for the economics of the area. Management of urban decline can be tackled in three ways. Property lead redevelopment, partnership schemes and gentrification.Property lead redevelopment is when the government decide to redevelop a area a invest large amount of money are on a large scale. A good example of where this has helped to bring a urban area out of decline is in Cardiff. Cardiff bay was a declining area when the loss of industry in the 1970s left a lot of people in unemployment and poverty. 3000 new homes w ere created, 1200 new jobs were created along with a new glass factory and water front. The area now has 2. 1 million visitors a year. Partnership schemes help the community rebuild a declining area such as in Hulme in Manchester.City challenge and the local people worked together to redevelop the area. The government provided ?37. 5 million for this to happen. For some people being on the edge of the city is still too much stress and decide to move completely away to the rural villages that surround big cities. This process of counter urbanisation can cause problems of their own. Rural villages are in danger of becoming places that people go to sleep. People still work in the cities and commute from their rural location every day. The local shops are no longer used because the supermarkets on the way out of the city from are not only more convenient but cheaper.The community feeling if the village is lost and the reason that people thought they were moving to the countryside for is no longer valid. Again this forces the closer of shops and local facilities. These places can also fall into a state of decline To conclude. Economic development and urban management and planning are directly linked. On the surface it seems like MEDC counties have more problems to deal with (sub urbanisation and counter urbanisation) whereas LEDC countries only have the problem of urbanisation.However, I believe that urbanisation is greater problem that requires more careful management than other problems may require. Furthermore, the level of economic development within a country may effects the ability of the country to manage these urban issues; the planning a management strategies adopted in a country will be affected by this. In poorer countries emphasis may be placed on self-help schemes or partnerships scheme that require less money from the government. On the other hand, richer governments may choose to head redevelopment projects themselves

Where Is the Balance Between Order and Freedom - 1612 Words

Dmitri Kobozev 10/1/12 Mr. Shoemaker Thesis Paper on Arthur Miller’s quote What is the perfect balance between freedom and order? Not only is it a question American society has been asking itself since its creation but also a question humanity has yet to answer. In all likelihood such a perfect balance will never be achieved but doesn’t mean people won’t strive for such perfection. Before delving on deeper one must first ask, ‘what is order?’ Order is the limitation of freedom; limitation of freedom is necessary, to an extent, to uphold society. Human society has two extremes at each end of its spectrum, anarchy and tyranny. Two complete opposites, anarchy is pure freedom and tyranny is the ultimate repression of freedom. In the middle†¦show more content†¦In a sense, the bills would create an internet blacklist. These bills did not pass through congress due to mass protest by people. Multiple sites such as Google and Wikipedia had a day of ‘black out’ in order to raise public awareness of these bills, which in turn lead to the protests that prevented these bills from passing. Though the American people were successful in preventing those bills, there were others that were signed without the majority of the public knowing. An example of such a bill is the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA). ACTA has a very strict definition of copyright infringement, would require ISPs to monitor all your data traffic, force ISP to remove service from people who infringe copyrights (Solon). This act was approved by congress but was eventually denied by the UN. Whether or not ACTA will still be enforced in the United States is highly doubtful, but it may lead to further legislature advocating internet restriction. Such legislature could be the Trans-Pacific Trade Pact (TPP). 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Is Buddhism A Philosophy Or A Religion - 932 Words

Is Buddhism a Philosophy Or a Religion? Joe Gilmore Mr. Porter 4-17-16 Buddhist teachings consist of teaching others how to end suffering in their own lives. Buddha teaches that if you follow an eightfold path, then you are moving toward reaching nirvana. This is the end of all suffering and the goal of all Buddhists. Though Buddhism is commonly labeled as a religion, it fits the definition of a philosophy rather than a religion. Buddhism’s founder was a man named Siddhartha Gautama, meaning â€Å"one who realized his goal.† Buddhists believe that when Siddhartha’s mother, Maha, was conceived she had a dream involving a white elephant carrying a lotus flower. She interpreted the dream to mean that her son would grow up to become a great spiritual leader. Just a week after Siddhartha was born, his mother died. Upon her death, he lived with his wealthy aunt and his father on a large estate. As Siddhartha grew up, his father kept him away from all suffering and anguish of the world. 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The Pearl Resoning - 589 Words

Can Nobel Prize winner in literature, John Steinbeck, creator of legendary novels such as: Of Mice and Men, East of Eden and The Grapes of Wrath, be able to present a novel suitable for the grade nine English curriculum? Sadly the answer is no. The Pearl, written by Steinbeck, offers an awful writing style, a predictable storyline and horrible role models concluding to why it should be removed from the grade nine Engilish curriculum. To start off, the fashion in which the writing is presented is loaded with symbols which have potential in leaving readers such as I confused and set off to what is going on. For instance, Steinbeck’s use of songs to display emotions is unneeded because it makes understanding complicated and raises unnecessary questions on the subject of what its presence serves within the story. In addition to the awful writing style of this novel, The Pearl beholds an annoying and disappointing storyline. It seems that of every page you flip, discluding the find ing of the pearl, Kino’s life becomes more and more miserable and I expected it all to pay off in the ending but the novel left me with disappointment by giving the same negative influence. Steinbeck never seemed to think of his characters as people but as creatures who are buffeted by terrible circumstances. This brings me to my next example, The Pearl has a terrible moral sense. It seems as if the author is trying to say â€Å"do not try to improve it only leads to failure, be happy with where you are†

Responsible Consumption free essay sample

Responsible Consumption Angela Green, Laytonia Goodman, Ramona Shuman, Robin Boyette SOC/105 Irma J. Davis-Gibson, Ph. D. August 31, 2010 University of Phoenix Responsible Consumption Mass media has been criticized for not practicing high moral and ethical values (Wilson Wilson, 2001). Electronic media and print media advertise wealth in todays’ society. For example, the media broadcast stories concerning wealthy individuals’ personal lives filled with luxury items. In todays’ society ordinary individuals view wealthy individuals in a different manner because of the mass media. The relationship between media literacy and the responsible consumption of popular culture is unique, because the relationship separates entertainment from reality (Wilson Wilson, 2001). Possessing wealth and power is something that brings an individual much respect in the music industry. When an individual have a certain amount of money, others will more likely do what he or she wants the individuals to do. For example, at the 2009 BET Awards Jay-Z allegedly ‘Blackballed’ Chris Brown. We will write a custom essay sample on Responsible Consumption or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jay-Z made a public announcement t that if Chris Brown were allowed to attend the award ceremony then he, Rihanna, nor Beyonce would attend the awards ceremony. Jay-Z also declined to perform at the awards ceremony. As a result of Jay-Z’s request Chris Brown did not attend the awards ceremony; however Jay-z, Rihanna, and Beyonce were in attendance. Another example, is at the 2010 BET Awards Chris Brown was permitted to perform and Jay-Z, Rihanna, nor Beyonce were in attendance at the award ceremony. The two scenarios are two examples of how wealth and power rule the music industry. Rihanna is Jay-Z’s artist, and Jay-Z has more wealth and power than Chris Brown has. Wealth is the value of everything that a person or a family owns, minus any debts. Wealth is also the abundance of a valuable resource or material possessions or the control of such assets. The distribution of wealth and power within today’s society will usually affect the opportunities for an individual to achieve his or her highest potential and live a normal life with dignity. Possessing money and fame is not it is portrayed to be. Many individuals believe the lives of he musicians are easy because they are wealthy, popular, and happy. Many musicians have normal lives. Musicians have children and most of all musicians pay bills like most individuals in today’s society do. Many individuals in society believe, if he or she is wealthy he or she automatically has the power to do what he or she wants. Many wealthy individuals believe that they are above the law. Wealthy individuals also believe they can buy their way out of anything. Unfortunately, the rich and wealthy are starting to realize that the world does not revolve around them. They are regular people, and they must function as everyone else in the real-world does. There are many situations of ethical conflict, such as invasion of privacy of wealthy people lives. Movie stars and other celebrities like to keep their lives private. Media, otherwise known as â€Å"paparazzi,† seek out any story that exposes the personal lives of celebrities. Celebrities have problems in their life like everyone in the todays’ society. Exploitation of persons’ lives is very demeaning but seems to attract an audience. For example, if regular people were to have an extra marital affair, would it make the news? For example, Both Jesse James and Tiger Wood’s affair made the news. Ordinary people make the same mistakes as wealthy people do, but the only one’s people discuss is famous people’s mistakes. Why do individuals spend time trying to figure out what a famous person has done or is doing? Todays’ society puts too much energy on what the wealthy and powerful are doing. Not only do individuals invest time and energy into wealthy people’s lives but it is an ethical approach to the consumption of popular culture that can minimize negative consequences. Wealth has much to do with the role of individual responsibility and accountability in responding to popular culture. In todays’ society if you are wealthy or powerful enough you can get away with anything. For example, if a wealthy individual and an ordinary individual commit the same crime, say Driving Under the Influence. The regular person will go to prison for the crime. The wealthy and powerful individual will be all over the news and Internet but will not receive time in jail. The wealthy individual’s money will allow him or her get away with a fine and maybe some community service. The same rules do not apply to everyone. Wealth individuals follow different sets of rules in todays’ society. There is a â€Å"double standard† of laws in todays’ society (Wilson Wilson, 2001). Nevertheless to say there are wealthy people rules and there are ordinary people rules. Media literacy assists in organizing what Americans view on television (Wilson Wilson, 2001). For example, after the live coverage of Super Bowl 38 where Janet Jackson’s bare breast was revealed, the FCC changed the rule on live media to a 15 second delay. Since then, there have still been accidents caught on camera, but fewer to report. The Federal Communications Commission is one of the strategies the government uses to regulate what is seen on television and heard on the radio. Censorship has become more effective in the past few decades where it is needed most. Television, movies, and music are the top forms of media. Although the FCC cannot regulate what shows up in the new movies that come out, they regulate what is shown on television in homes. Cable television system operators generally make their own selection of channels and programs to be distributed to subscribers in response to consumer demands. The Commission does, however, have rules in some areas that are applicable to programming called origination cable casting that is subject to the editorial control of the system operator. †(FCC, 2000) The FCC established ratings for programs that are shown at certain times of the day and the ratings are posted for fifteen seconds before each show starts. These ratings let the family know what type of content is shown in the program and whether or not it is suitable for everyone or not. In conclusion, many individuals confuse obtaining wealth as being a social responsibility because of the portrayal mass media has on wealthy individuals